Abstract
Amyloid is a term used to describe protein deposits with circumscript physical characteristics: β-pleated sheet configuration, apple green birefringence under polarized light after Congo red staining, fibrillary structure and high insolubility. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) defines a clinicopathological phenomenon characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical arteries, arterioles, and, less often capillaries and veins of the central nervous system. CAAs are currently classified according to the protein deposited including amyloid β peptide (Aβ), cystatin C (ACys C), prion protein (PrPSc), ABri/ADan, transthyretin (ATTR), and gelsolin (AGel). Most often amyloid deposition occurs in sporadic forms. In less common hereditary forms, a mutated variant protein or precursor protein is abnormally metabolized by proteolytic pathways in consequence of specific gene mutations, and accumulates as amyloid. The spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with CAA-related vasculopathic changes includes both ischemic and hemorrhagic presentations, primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) being probably the most well-recognized. However, in spite of accumulating data and recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of CAA-related hemorrhage, the exact mechanisms leading to vessel rupture in these cases are yet to be established. This represents, at present, a major limitation to the identification of reliable biomarkers and the development of disease-specific treatment options. The present paper summarizes epidemiologic and clinical aspects of CAA, and highlights the presumed pathomechanisms of amyloid deposition in both sporadic and hereditary forms.
Keywords: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, β amyloid peptide, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Common Cause of Cerebral Hemorrhage
Volume: 16 Issue: 20
Author(s): A. Pezzini, E. Del Zotto, I. Volonghi, A. Giossi, P. Costa and A. Padovani
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, β amyloid peptide, hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
Abstract: Amyloid is a term used to describe protein deposits with circumscript physical characteristics: β-pleated sheet configuration, apple green birefringence under polarized light after Congo red staining, fibrillary structure and high insolubility. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) defines a clinicopathological phenomenon characterized by amyloid deposition in the walls of leptomeningeal and cortical arteries, arterioles, and, less often capillaries and veins of the central nervous system. CAAs are currently classified according to the protein deposited including amyloid β peptide (Aβ), cystatin C (ACys C), prion protein (PrPSc), ABri/ADan, transthyretin (ATTR), and gelsolin (AGel). Most often amyloid deposition occurs in sporadic forms. In less common hereditary forms, a mutated variant protein or precursor protein is abnormally metabolized by proteolytic pathways in consequence of specific gene mutations, and accumulates as amyloid. The spectrum of clinical phenotypes associated with CAA-related vasculopathic changes includes both ischemic and hemorrhagic presentations, primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) being probably the most well-recognized. However, in spite of accumulating data and recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of CAA-related hemorrhage, the exact mechanisms leading to vessel rupture in these cases are yet to be established. This represents, at present, a major limitation to the identification of reliable biomarkers and the development of disease-specific treatment options. The present paper summarizes epidemiologic and clinical aspects of CAA, and highlights the presumed pathomechanisms of amyloid deposition in both sporadic and hereditary forms.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pezzini A., Del Zotto E., Volonghi I., Giossi A., Costa P. and Padovani A., Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: A Common Cause of Cerebral Hemorrhage, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709788682047
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709788682047 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
NGF and BDNF Alterations by Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Current Neuropharmacology Membrane and Soluble Forms of Endoglin in Preeclampsia
Current Molecular Medicine An Evidence-Based Review of Off-Label Uses of Polidocanol
Current Clinical Pharmacology Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1: a Novel Anti-angiogenesis Target from TGF-β Family
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cystic Hygroma with Multiple Benign Bone Lymphangiomas in an Adult Patient: A Rare Entity in the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Osseous Lesions in Oncology Practice
Current Medical Imaging Fluorescein Fluorescence Use in the Management of Intracranial Neoplastic and Vascular Lesions: A Review and Report of a New Technique
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment
Current Women`s Health Reviews Genetics of the First Seven Proprotein Convertase Enzymes in Health and Disease
Current Genomics Microscopies at the Nanoscale for Nano-Scale Drug Delivery Systems
Current Drug Targets The Role of MDCT in Craniocervical Junction Pathologies: Pictorial Review
Current Medical Imaging Targeting TNF-Alpha to Elucidate and Ameliorate Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Neurovascular Unit: Focus on the Regulation of Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells
Current Neurovascular Research From Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsation to Noninvasive Intracranial Compliance and Pressure Measured by MRI Flow Studies
Current Medical Imaging Vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B9 – Occurrence, Biosynthesis Pathways and Functions in Human Nutrition
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Counteracting Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy through Modulation of Maternal Micronutrients and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Current Medicinal Chemistry PPAR-γ Agonists in Polycystic Kidney Disease with Frequent Development of Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Molecular Pharmacology Toxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1 on Embryonic Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio): Potential Activity of Piceatannol Encapsulated Chitosan/poly (Lactic Acid) Nanoparticles
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Treatment of Hypertensive Complications in Pregnancy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ultrasound Diagnosis of Soft Tissue Vascular Malformations and Tumours
Current Medical Imaging Nutritional Aspects Relating to the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Current Women`s Health Reviews