Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Patents on Engineering

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1872-2121
ISSN (Online): 2212-4047

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Performance Evaluation of Time Synchronized Multi Layer-MAC Protocol

Author(s): Manju Khurana* and Manish Kumar Jha

Volume 13, Issue 3, 2019

Page: [249 - 255] Pages: 7

DOI: 10.2174/1872212112666180727111331

Price: $65

Abstract

Background & Objective: Patents suggest that time synchronization in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) directs at imparting a common time scale for local clocks of nodes in the network. It has been observed that all hardware clocks are unsynchronized, local clocks of nodes may drift away from each other in time. Hence durations of time intervals may differ for each node in the network. This paper evaluates the performance by suggesting an algorithm for time synchronized MLMAC protocol.

Methods: Packet retransmission drains the non-replaceable power source that degrades the network lifetime, one of the major concerns in WSN. Simulation results indicate that time synchronized MLMAC outperforms the existing ML-MAC scheme in terms of both energy efficiency and packets dropped at individual nodes.

Results: After Analyzing the results of simulation, network for improved synchronization performs better w.r.t. network lifetime and packets dropped. Throughput and delay are matter of concern which needs to be explored further.

Conclusion: Simulation results validate the proposed protocol under various network conditions and application requirements.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Multi-layer MAC (ML-MAC), clock skew, time synchronization, network lifetime, nodes.

Graphical Abstract

[1]
J. He, P. Cheng, L. Shi, and J. Chen, "Time synchronization in WSNs: A maximum value based consensus approach", 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control (CDC-ECC), pp. 7882-7887 December 2011.
[2]
B. Sundararaman, U. Buy, and A.D. Kshemkalyani, "“Clock synchronization for wireless sensor networks: A survey,”", Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 3, pp. 281-323, 2005.
[3]
J. Du, and W. Shi, "APP-MAC: An application-aware event-oriented MAC protocol for multimodality wireless sensor networks", IEEE Trans. Vehicul Technol., vol. 57, pp. 3723-3731, 2008.
[4]
Q. Li, and D. Rus, "Global clock synchronization in sensor networks", IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 55, pp. 214-226, 2006.
[5]
J. Elson, L. Girod, and D. Estrin, Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts5th ACM symposium on Operating systems design and implementation, New York, NY, USA, 2002, pp. 147-163.
[6]
F. Sivrikaya, and B. Yener, "Time Synchronization in Sensor Networks: A Survey", IEEE Network, vol. 18, pp. 45-50, 2004.
[7]
I.F. Akyildiz, and M.C. Vuran, Wireless Sensor Networks., Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
[8]
J. Van Greunen, and J. Rabaey, Lightweight time synchronization for sensor networks2nd ACM International Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks and Applications, San Diego, CA, USA, 2003, pp. 11-19.
[9]
S. Ganeriwal, R. Kumar, and M.B. Srivastava, Timing-Sync Protocol for Sensor Networks1st ACM International conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2003, pp. 138-149.
[10]
H. Dai, and R. Han, "TSync: A Lightweight Bidirectional Time Synchronization Service for Wireless Sensor Networks", ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Comput. Commun., vol. 8, pp. 125-139, 2004.
[11]
M. Maro’ti, B. Kusy, G. Simon, and A. Le’deczi, The Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol2nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, MD, USA, 2004, pp. 39-49.
[12]
C. Lenzen, P. Sommer, and R. Wattenhofer, Optimal Clock Synchronization in Networks7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Berkeley, CA, USA,, 2009, pp. 225-238.
[13]
T. Schmid, Z. Charbiwala, R. Shea, and M. Srivastava, "Temperature Compensated Time Synchronization", IEEE Embedded. Syst. Lett., vol. 1, pp. 37-41, 2009.
[14]
T. Schmid, Z. Charbiwala, Z. Anagnostopoulou, M.B. Srivastava, and P. Dutta, A Case against Routing-Integrated Time Synchronization8th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Zürich, Switzerland, 2010, pp. 267-280.
[15]
R. Fan, and N. Lynch, "Gradient Clock Synchronization", Distribut. Comput., vol. 18, pp. 255-266, 2006.
[16]
M.K. Jha, A.K. Pandey, D. Pal, and A. Mohan, "An energyefficient multi-layer MAC (ML-MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks", Int. J. Electr. Commun. (AEÜ), vol. 65, pp. 209-216, 2011.
[17]
R. Thalore, J. Sharma, M. Khurana, and M.K. Jha, "QoS evaluation of energy-efficient ML-MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks", Int. J. Electr. Commun., vol. 67, pp. 1048-1053, 2013.
[18]
M. Khurana, R. Thalore, V. Raina, and M.K. Jha, "Improved Time Synchronization in ML-MAC for WSN Using Relay Nodes", Int. J. Electr. Commun., vol. 69, pp. 1622-1626, 2015.
[19]
M.K. Maggs, S.G. O’Keefe, and D.V. Thiel, "Consensus Clock Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Sens. J., vol. 12, pp. 2269-2277, 2012.
[20]
Y. Chen, F. Qim, and W. Yi, "Guard Beacon: An Energy-Efficient Beacon Strategy for Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks", IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 18, pp. 987-990, 2014.
[21]
QualNet-SCALABLE Network Technologies., www.scalable-networks.com/content/products/qualnet
[22]
IEEE 802.15.4-2006: MAC and PHY Specifications for LRWPANs., http://ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html.
[23]
R. Misra, and C. Mandal, "Minimum Connected Dominating Set Using a Collaborative Cover Heuristic for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks", IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst., vol. 21, pp. 292-302, 2010.
[24]
C.Q. Wu, and L. Wang,, "On efficient deployment of wireless sensors for coverage and connectivity in constrained 3D space", Sensors, vol. 10, p. E2304, 2017.
[25]
K. Sohraby, D. Minoli, and T. Znati,Wireless sensor networks technology, protocols and applications, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publication, 2017

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
17
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy