Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Recent Patents on Engineering

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1872-2121
ISSN (Online): 2212-4047

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

A Review of the Research on Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator and Characteristics with Improvement Methods

Author(s): Jianying LI*, Weidong Li, Heng Liang and Lingbing Kong

Volume 18, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 02 May, 2023

Article ID: e100423215602 Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1872212118666230410102416

open access plus

Abstract

The electro-hydraulic load simulator is a semi-physical simulation system. It is used to simulate different loads on the bearing capacity object (steering gear system) under working conditions and further test the dynamic and static characteristics of the bearing capacity object. Therefore, it is widely used in important applications such as the simulation of various loads and the development of high-performance steering gear systems. By analyzing and discussing the electro-hydraulic load simulator equipment and its improvement methods, some useful conclusions have been drawn to predict the development of the electro-hydraulic load simulator and its key technologies. The current status of research on electro-hydraulic load simulator prototypes is discussed in depth. The electro-hydraulic load simulators are classified according to the loading system applying force (torque). The improvement methods of the electro-hydraulic load simulator, including the method of suppressing the extraneous force, the compensation method of nonlinear factors, and the method of establishing the mathematical model, are analyzed and summarized. By summarizing the literature and patents on electro-hydraulic load simulation technology, the principle, and characteristics of different equipment and improvement methods are analyzed and compared, and future development of electro-hydraulic load simulation equipment and technology is discussed. The research on the characteristics of the prototype, the hardware means and control strategy to suppress the extraneous force, the compensation of nonlinear factors, and the methods of establishing the mathematical model are beneficial to improve the loading accuracy of the electro-hydraulic load simulator.

Keywords: Electro-hydraulic load simulator, improvement method, extraneous force, control strategy, loading system, steering gear system.

[1]
C. Wang, Z. Jiao, and L. Quan, "Adaptive velocity synchronization compound control of electro-hydraulic load simulator", Aerosp. Sci. Technol., vol. 42, pp. 309-321, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.01.018]
[2]
S. Kang, "Research on the coupling characteristic and nonlinear force control strategies of the electro-hydraulic load simulator", PhD Dissertation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China, 2020.
[3]
D.K. Zheng, "Study of the loading performance and control of a friction based electro-hydraulic load simulator", PhD Dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 2017.
[4]
C.Q. Huang, "The design and test research on load simulator of the ship steering gears", M.S. Dissertation, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China, 2019.
[5]
C.H. Jing, "Research on loading performance and control strategy of friction electro-hydraulic load simulator", PhD Dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 2021.
[6]
C. Wang, Z. Jiao, S. Wu, and Y. Shang, "An experimental study of the dual-loop control of electro-hydraulic load simulator (EHLS)", Chin. J. Aeronauti., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1586-1595, 2013.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2013.10.002]
[7]
L. Zhu, L. Liu, L. Niu, W.G. Hou, J.K. Lu, and Z.P. Xu, "Review of linear simulation loading system", Aerospace Shanghai, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 30-39, 2020.
[8]
X.S. Liu, Y.L. Tan, Q. Xu, J.G. Ning, D.Y. Fan, Q.H. Gu, and J. Wang, "Mechanics simulation test system of roadway support under combined dynamic and static loads and method therefor", W.O. Patent 2019096252, 2020.
[9]
Y.S. Hwang, "Electro-hydraulic brake system", U.S. Patent 20070126282, 2007.
[10]
Y. Li, X.C. Wu, Y. Jin, H.H. Wang, L.Q. Chen, J.H. Lin, X. Lu, and Y. Yang, "Helicopter APU starting load simulation system", C.N. Patent 112213106, 2021.
[11]
K.K. Ahn, J.H. Yoon, and J.S. Kim, "The active load simulator", K.R. Patent 100790364, 2008.
[12]
K.K. Ahn, and S.Y. Yang, "Hydraulic circuit of active load simulator", K.R. Patent 20040084499, 2003.
[13]
S. Toshisuke, and T. Hiroya, "Electric switch machine conversion load simulation device", J.P. Patent 2020138616, 2020.
[14]
I. Mitsuei, "Loaded hydraulic servo mechanism simulation study", Technical Report of National Aerospace Laboratory, vol. 8, pp. 2-17, 1975.
[15]
I. Mitsuei, "Hydraulic analog loading system experimental study", Technical Report of National Aerospace Laboratory, pp. 1-25, 1975.
[16]
I. Mitsuei, "Utility evaluation of a prototype hydraulic analog loading system of the pressure control system", Technical Report of National Aerospace Laboratory, pp. 1-18, 1975.
[17]
R. Huang, and I. Mitsuei, "Simulation analysis of hydraulic simulated load systems", Spring Meeting of the Hydraulics and Pneumatics Society of Japan, pp. 153-156, 1989.
[18]
J.H. Chin, and W.C. Fu, "Analysis of an electrohydraulic servo system subject to Stribeck-type friction", Int. J. Syst. Sci., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1015-1037, 1994.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207729408929013]
[19]
CN Liu, "Optimal design theory of tracking type electro-hydraulic force application system", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 1979.
[20]
Y.Z. Zhao, L.S. Zhou, W.B. Ye, and B.Z. Xu, "Auxiliary synchronous compensation control of passive electro-hydraulic force control system", Techniques of Automation and Applications, no. 02, pp. 25-32, 1985.
[21]
H.R. Li, J.W. Han, Z.M. Ye, Z.D. Chen, Y.N. Huang, and Y.C. Liu, "Loading simulator for marine steering system", Ship Engineering, 1998.
[22]
J. Wang, Z.M. Ye, and H.R. Li, "Study on eliminating the superfluous force of marine electro-hydraulic load simulator applied with dual-valve parallel connected control", Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 229-233, 2005.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/JME.2005.04.229]
[23]
D.Q. Truong, K.K. Ahn, K.J. Soo, and Y.H. Soo, "Application of Fuzzy-PID controller in hydraulic load simulator", Mechatron. Autom., 2007.
[24]
K.K. Ahn, and Q.T. Dinh, "Self-tuning of quantitative feedback theory for force control of an electro-hydraulic test machine", Control Eng. Pract., vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1291-1306, 2009.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2009.06.004]
[25]
D.T. Liem, D.Q. Truong, H.G. Park, and K.K. Ahn, "A feedforward neural network fuzzy grey predictor-based controller for force control of an electro-hydraulic actuator", Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 309-321, 2016.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-016-0039-3]
[26]
C.W. Wang, B.B. Li, and L. Quan, "Double-pump separated-cavity regulation control load simulation system", C.N. Patent 113124005, 2021.
[27]
S.Z. Tian, F. Yu, C.Q. Yang, J. Cai, D.D. Niu, F.G. Ma, and Y.T. Li, "Thrust simulation load device of straight stroke adjusting type actuator", C.N. Patent 112762056, 2021.
[28]
Y. Nam, J.Y. Lee, and S.K. Hong, "Force control system design for aerodynamic load simulator", Control Eng. Pract., vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 549-558, 2002.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0661(02)00004-7]
[29]
Y. Nam, "Dynamic characteristic analysis and force loop design for the aerodynamic load simulator", J. Mech. Sci. Technol., vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 1358-1364, 2000.
[30]
Y. Nam, "QFT force loop design for the aerodynamic load simulator", IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 1384-1392, 2001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.976973]
[31]
J. Yan, W.J. Li, and S.A. Li, "Research on dynamic load system for ship steering gear", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 99-101, 2008.
[32]
H. Yan, C.C. Li, and C. Chen, "Comprehensive load simulation of servo mechanism", Acta Armamentarii, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 588-593, 2012.
[33]
M. Sun, C.C. Li, H. Yan, X.D. Liu, Y.J. Zhang, and D.J. Mu, "Study on dynamic performance of multiple-DOF servo mechanism’s load simulator system", Binggong Xuebao/Acta Armamentarii, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 378-384, 2011.
[34]
S. Kang, H. Yan, L. Dong, and C. Li, "Finite-time adaptive sliding mode force control for electro-hydraulic load simulator based on improved GMS friction model", Mech. Syst. Signal Process., vol. 102, pp. 117-138, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.09.009]
[35]
S. Kang, R. Nagamune, and H. Yan, "Almost disturbance decoupling force control for the electro-hydraulic load simulator with mechanical backlash", Mech. Syst. Signal Process., vol. 135, p. 106400, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106400]
[36]
J.Y. Li, and H. Liang, "Electro-hydraulic load simulator with adjustable loading and disturbance elimination arm length", C.N. Patent 113341766, 2021.
[37]
Z.R. Chen, "3-4FM rudder moment load simulator overview", Aviation Precision Manufacturing Technology, no. 02, pp. 47-54, 1985.
[38]
Y.X. Xia, H. Zhang, S. Wu, Z.X. Jiao, and X.L. Li, "Hollow spindle formula electrohydraulic load simulator", C.N. Patent 108550313, 2020.
[39]
D.H. Su, Q.H. Liu, and S.L. Hao, "The theoretical analysis of the disturbance torque in electro-hydraulic simulator and the study of methods to overcome it", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 1998.
[40]
YH Li, "Research on method to reject to extraneous momental of load simulator", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 1999.
[41]
J.J. Hao, K.D. Zhao, and G.H. Xu, "Study on the influence of rigidity and inertia in electro-hydraulic load simulator", Chin. Mech. Eng., vol. 2002, no. 6, pp. 14-16, 2002.
[42]
R.B. Yuan, K.D. Zhao, and G.Q. Li, "Analysis and study on uncertainty for torque control servo system of electro-hydraulic load simulator", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, vol. 2006, no. 2, pp. 159-162, 2006.
[43]
JJ Hao, and KD Zhao, "A design method of electro-hydraulic load simulation table using spring flexure connection", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, vol. 2001, no. 1, pp. 59-60, 2001.
[44]
Z.C. Pei, C.Y. Yu, C.L. Wu, and Q.H. Liu, "Application of interconnected pores in electrohydraulic load simulator", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, vol. 1997, no. 3, pp. 17-18, 1997.
[45]
JJ Hao, KD Zhao, and HG Xu, "The application of double valve control with pressure and flow servo valve in electro-hydraulic load simulator", Chin. Mech. Eng., vol. 2002, no. 10, pp. 10-12, 2002.
[46]
G.Q. Li, K.D. Zhao, R.B. Yuan, and D. Liu, "The analysis on the electro-hydraulic servo loading system used three different servo valves", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, no. 08, pp. 123-125, 2005.
[47]
G.Q. Li, J.H. Han, B. Zhang, R.B. Yuan, and K.D. Zhao, "The application of open center spool valve in electro-hydraulic load simulator", Chin. Hydraul. Pneum, no. 12, pp. 42-44, 2007.
[48]
J.M. Cui, B. Zhang, and Y.L. Dong, "A study on performance of electro-hydraulic load simulator based on pressure servo valve", 2015 International Conference on Fluid Power and Mechatronics (FPM), Harbin, China, 2015, pp. 505-509.
[49]
J.H. Jiang, T.W. Yu, and Z.S. Song, "Study of digital control in electrohydraulic servo loading system", Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao, no. 03, pp. 318-320, 2000.
[50]
Z. Jiao, J. Gao, Q. Hua, and S. Wang, "The velocity synchronizing control on the electro-hydraulic load simulator", Chin. J. Aeronauti., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 39-46, 2004.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1000-9361(11)60201-X]
[51]
C.W. Wang, Z.X. Jiao, and C.J. Luo, "An improved velocity synchronization control on electro-hydraulic load simulator", Hangkong Xuebao, vol. 33, no. 09, pp. 1717-1725, 2012.
[52]
S.S. Han, Z.X. Jiao, Y.X. Shang, and C.W. Wang, "Synchronizing compensation control of electro-hydraulic load simulator using command signal of actuator", Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao, vol. 41, no. 01, pp. 124-132, 2015.
[53]
L. Baronti, B. Zhang, M. Castellani, and D.T. Pham, "Machine learning of electro-hydraulic motor dynamics", Sn Appl Sci, vol. 2, no. 1, 2019.
[54]
C.H. Jing, H.G. Xu, and J.H. Jiang, "Dynamic surface disturbance rejection control for electro-hydraulic load simulator", Mech Syst Signal Pr, 2019.
[55]
W. Chengwen, J. Zongxia, Q. Long, and M. Hongjun, "Application of adaptive robust control for electro-hydraulic motion loading system", Trans. Inst. Meas. Contr., vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 873-884, 2018.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216670486]
[56]
J. Yao, Z. Jiao, and B. Yao, "Nonlinear adaptive robust backstepping force control of hydraulic load simulator: Theory and experiments", J. Mech. Sci. Technol., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1499-1507, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-014-0137-z]
[57]
K.H. Liu, "Analysis of load working condition characteristics of electro-hydraulic torque control system and its experimental research", Aero Weaponry, no. 03, pp. 11-17, 1991.
[58]
K.H. Liu, "Experimental study of electro-hydraulic loading device with excess torque", Chin. Hydraul. Pneum, no. 03, pp. 44-47, 1982.
[59]
L.H. Liang, "Research on the electro-hydraulic load simulator of fin stabilizer", PhD Dissertation, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China, 2003.
[60]
Y. Deng, "Research on friction pairs and control strategy of a new load simulator", M.S. Dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 2016.
[61]
C.H. Jing, and H.G. Xu, "A study on the influence of friction on loading performance of electro-hydraulic friction load simulator for actuator test", In 2016 7th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE), London, UK, 2016, pp. 524-528
[62]
D.K. Zheng, and G.H. Xu, "Torque tracking experiment of a friction based electro-hydraulic load simulator", J. Harbin Inst. Technol., vol. 49, no. 01, pp. 66-71, 2017.
[63]
D.K. Zheng, and G.H. Xu, "Large amplitude loading mechanism of the friction based electro-hydraulic load simulator", J. Harbin Inst. Technol., vol. 50, no. 01, pp. 36-41, 2018.
[64]
C.H. Jing, H.G. Xu, and J.H. Jiang, "Flatness-based adaptive nonlinear control for torque tracking of electro-hydraulic friction load simulator with uncertainties", P I Mech Eng I-J Sys, vol. 233, no. 8, pp. 1009-1016, 2018.
[65]
C. Jing, H. Xu, and J. Jiang, "Practical torque tracking control of electro-hydraulic load simulator using singular perturbation theory", ISA Trans., vol. 102, pp. 304-313, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2020.02.035] [PMID: 32151393]
[66]
Y. Deng, and H.G. Xu, "Frictional torque and friction disk temperature field of a new load simulator", Chin. Hydraul. Pneum, no. 09, pp. 105-110, 2017.
[67]
C.H. Jing, and H.G. Xu, "Design and validation of a novel friction electro-hydraulic loading system", J. Harbin Inst. Technol., vol. 49, no. 07, pp. 39-45, 2017.
[68]
C.H. Jing, and H.G. Xu, "Comparison of Motion Disturbance Characteristics between Traditional Load Simulator and Friction Load Simulator", In 2016 3rd International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering (ICISCE), Beijing, China, 2016, pp. 889-893
[69]
D.K. Zheng, and H.G. Xu, "Modeling and high accuracy parameter estimates for a friction based electro-hydraulic load simulator", In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, Harbin, China, 2016, pp. 2392-2397
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICMA.2016.7558940]
[70]
D.K. Zheng, and H.G. Xu, "Nonlinear adaptive backstepping control of a friction based electro-hydraulic load simulator using chebyshev neural networks", In 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC), Chongqing, China, 2017, pp. 3075-3080
[71]
G.Q. Li, W. Liu, W.F. Han, and X.Z. Deng, "Research on synchronous structure decoupling of electro-hydraulic load simulators", Zhongguo Jixie Gongcheng, vol. 28, no. 24, pp. 2931-2939, 2017.
[72]
J. Zhao, G. Shen, C. Yang, W. Zhu, and J. Yao, "A robust force feed-forward observer for an electro-hydraulic control loading system in flight simulators", ISA Trans., vol. 89, pp. 198-217, 2019.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2018.12.012] [PMID: 30591186]
[73]
Y. Jiang, H.B. Wang, and Y. Qian, "Hybrid compensation method of redundant force for electrical-hydraulic loading simulator", Chin. Hydraul. Pneum, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 43-48, 2017.
[74]
G.Q. Li, S.C. Li, and F. Huang, "Study on decoupling control for passive electric hydraulic servo system with valve controlled asymmetrical cylinder", Machine Tool & Hydraulics, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 7-10, 2013.
[75]
X. Yue, and J.Y. Yao, "A kind of electro-hydraulic load simulator output feedback control method", C.N. Patent 106154833, 2019.
[76]
J.Y. Yao, and C.X. Luo, "Load simulator backstepping control method based on extended state observer", C.N. Patent 109426150, 2021.
[77]
G. Yang, and J. Yao, "Multilayer neuroadaptive force control of electro-hydraulic load simulators with uncertainty rejection", Appl. Soft Comput., vol. 130, p. 109672, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2022.109672]
[78]
D.X. Zhao, F.L. Meng, Z.X. Zhang, and L.X. Wang, "Research on Active Disturbance Rejection Control Based on Position Disturbance Electro-hydraulic Servo Force", In 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), Shenyang, China, 2020, pp. 3544-3549
[79]
W. Zang, Q. Zhang, J. Su, and L. Feng, "Robust nonlinear control scheme for electro-hydraulic force tracking control with time-varying output constraint", Symmetry, vol. 13, no. 11, p. 2074, 2021.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112074]
[80]
C. Wang, Z. Jiao, and L. Quan, "Nonlinear robust dual-loop control for electro-hydraulic load simulator", ISA Trans., vol. 59, pp. 280-289, 2015.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2015.10.013] [PMID: 26519219]
[81]
X. Zou, X.Y. Liu, H.M. Zhao, and W. Shen, "Adaptive robust control of electro-hydraulic load simulator based on extended observer", J. Univ. Shanghai Sci. Technol., vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 551-559, 2021.
[82]
J.L. He, X.H. Jin, J. Ruan, and H. Wei, "Variable gain sliding mode control of passive electro-hydraulic load simulator", J. Mech. Elec. Eng., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 126-131, 2020.
[83]
Z. Fan, X. Yu, Y. He, M. Xi, Z. Pan, and G. Chen, "An Adaptive Control Mechanism for Improving the Loading Precision of Aircraft Hydraulic Servo Load Simulator", In ICMLC 2018: Proceedings of the 2018 10th International Conference on Machine Learning and Computing, February 2018, pp. 379-383
[84]
D.Q. Truong, and K.K. Ahn, "Parallel control for electro-hydraulic load simulator using online self tuning fuzzy PID technique", Asian J. Control, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 522-541, 2011.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.348]
[85]
C. Wang, Z. Jiao, S. Wu, and Y. Shang, "Nonlinear adaptive torque control of electro-hydraulic load system with external active motion disturbance", Mechatronics, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 32-40, 2014.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.11.005]
[86]
Z.Q. Sheng, and Y.H. Li, "An improved hybrid suppression method for extraneous force of high-frequency electro-hydraulic loading system", In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM), Busan, Korea (South), 2015, pp. 412-417
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/AIM.2015.7222567]
[87]
J.Y. Yao, and X. Yue, "A kind of electro-hydraulic load simulator adaptive robust force control method", C.N. Patent 105843043, 2019.
[88]
Y.Q. Guo, Y.L. Fu, P. Zhang, and J. Chen, "Friction parameter identification and compensation for electro-hydraulic load simulator", Beijing Hangkong Hangtian Daxue Xuebao, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 1257-1262, 2014.
[89]
Y.X. Shang, S. Wu, Z.X. Jiao, and X.D. Wang, "Complex mathematical model of electro-hydraulic load simulator including multi-stiffness and nonlinear factors in ultimate performance research", Hangkong Xuebao, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 1257-1262, 2009.
[90]
Y.H. Li, and Z.Q. Cheng, "Methods for suppressing extraneous force in loading systems", Chin. Hydraul. Pneum, no. 08, pp. 1-9, 2015.
[91]
X.L. Liu, Z. Li, and L.D. Chen, "Neural network identifier and controller design on electro-hydraulic load simulator", Kexue Jishu Yu Gongcheng, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 834-840, 2020.
[92]
Y. Zhang, Y.N. Zhao, and M. Sun, "Simulation study of bond graph based on extraneous force on load simulator system", Mach. Tool Hydraul., vol. 42, no. 23, pp. 156-179, 2014.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
21
2
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy