Abstract
Several hundreds of studies published the last decade have reported that α-lipoic acid (LA) possesses the potential to intervene in various therapeutically interesting pathways. However, it should be noted that LA reportedly exerts most of its effects at high micromolar concentrations; that amides of LA exhibit higher biological activity than the parent compound; and that molecular combinations (hybrids) obtained by coupling LA with an amino-substituted bioactive moiety, possess multifunctional activity. The design and synthesis of hybrid molecules encompassing two pharmacophores in one molecular scaffold is a well established approach to the synthesis of more potent drugs with dual activity. Using this approach, various research groups have recently designed and synthesized LA containing hybrid compounds with antioxidant activity hyphenated with a wide variety of other activities such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer activity as well as enzyme inhibition. Moreover, LA represents an ideal chemical entity for the development of biologically interesting functionalized nanoparticles. Many recent publications describe the use of LA: i) as component of nanospheres and nanoprodrugs, ii) as a linker for the attachment of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and oligonucleotides on gold nanoparticles to form Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and iii) as surface ligand for cap exchange reactions to prepare water-soluble semiconducting nanocrystal Quantum Dots (QDs). This review is focused on the growing field of the design and synthesis of LA conjugates, for the development of novel molecules with a dual mode of action and the construction of nanosized antioxidants, Self Assembled Monolayers and Quantum Dots.
Keywords: α-lipoic acid, hybrids, self assembled monolayers, quantum dots
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Multifunctional Lipoic Acid Conjugates
Volume: 16 Issue: 35
Author(s): M. Koufaki, A. Detsi and C. Kiziridi
Affiliation:
Keywords: α-lipoic acid, hybrids, self assembled monolayers, quantum dots
Abstract: Several hundreds of studies published the last decade have reported that α-lipoic acid (LA) possesses the potential to intervene in various therapeutically interesting pathways. However, it should be noted that LA reportedly exerts most of its effects at high micromolar concentrations; that amides of LA exhibit higher biological activity than the parent compound; and that molecular combinations (hybrids) obtained by coupling LA with an amino-substituted bioactive moiety, possess multifunctional activity. The design and synthesis of hybrid molecules encompassing two pharmacophores in one molecular scaffold is a well established approach to the synthesis of more potent drugs with dual activity. Using this approach, various research groups have recently designed and synthesized LA containing hybrid compounds with antioxidant activity hyphenated with a wide variety of other activities such as neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and anticancer activity as well as enzyme inhibition. Moreover, LA represents an ideal chemical entity for the development of biologically interesting functionalized nanoparticles. Many recent publications describe the use of LA: i) as component of nanospheres and nanoprodrugs, ii) as a linker for the attachment of lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and oligonucleotides on gold nanoparticles to form Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) and iii) as surface ligand for cap exchange reactions to prepare water-soluble semiconducting nanocrystal Quantum Dots (QDs). This review is focused on the growing field of the design and synthesis of LA conjugates, for the development of novel molecules with a dual mode of action and the construction of nanosized antioxidants, Self Assembled Monolayers and Quantum Dots.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Koufaki M., Detsi A. and Kiziridi C., Multifunctional Lipoic Acid Conjugates, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2009; 16 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789878274
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986709789878274 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
3D-QSAR Study of Flavone Derivatives as Inhibitors of HeLa Cervix Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Editorial: [Hot Topic: Use of Microbicides to Prevent HIV Sexual Transmission (Guest Editor: Miguel E. Quinones-Mateu)]
Current HIV Research Role of Natural Phenolic Compounds in Cancer Chemoprevention via Regulation of the Cell Cycle
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex I: Structure, Function and Implication in Human Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Current Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Current Rheumatology Reviews The Medical Implications of Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferent Pathways in Nausea and Vomiting
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Molecular Docking Study and Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Coupled Imidazole-Pyrimidine Derivatives
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery The Nitric Oxide Producing Reactions of Hydroxyurea
Current Medicinal Chemistry Terpyridines and their Complexes with First Row Transition Metal Ions:Cytotoxicity, Nuclease Activity and Self-Assembly of Biomacromolecules
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Organosulphur Compounds Induce Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Cervical Cancer Cells via Downregulation of HPV E6 and E7 Oncogenes
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Impact of HAART on HPV-Related Cervical Disease
Current HIV Research Anti-Tubercular and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Azetidin-2-One Derivatives and Their Effects on the Activity of Phospholipase A2
Medicinal Chemistry Seeds of Mung Bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) R.Wilczek): Taxonomy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Uses and Pharmacology
Current Bioactive Compounds Nanotechnology in Dentistry: Drug Delivery Systems for the Control of Biofilm-Dependent Oral Diseases
Current Drug Delivery Defensins and Other Biocidal Proteins from Bean Seeds with Medicinal Activities
Current Medicinal Chemistry Heterocyclic N-Oxides - An Emerging Class of Therapeutic Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Prevalence of HIV in Patients with Malignancy and of Malignancy in HIV Patients in a Tertiary Care Center from North India
Current HIV Research 5-HT3 Receptors
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Honey as a Source of Dietary Antioxidants: Structures, Bioavailability and Evidence of Protective Effects Against Human Chronic Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Supertargeted Chemistry: Identifying Relationships Between Molecular Structures and their Sub-Cellular Distribution
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry