Title:Lipid Oxidation Products in the Pathogenesis of Inflammation-related Gut Diseases
VOLUME: 25 ISSUE: 11
Author(s):Barbara Sottero, Daniela Rossin, Giuseppe Poli and Fiorella Biasi*
Affiliation:Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin at San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano (Turin)
Keywords:Gut, intestinal bowel disease, acrolein, isoprostanes, 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde, oxysterols,
polyphenols.
Abstract:Background: A defective mucosal barrier function is the principal cause of the
uncontrolled onset and progression of a number of human inflammatory gut diseases, most of
which are characterized by chronic intermittent immune and inflammatory responses leading
to structural intestinal damage, which can represent a potential risk for colorectal cancer development.
During the active disease phase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,
and the induction of oxidative reactions by activated leukocytes and epithelial cells represent
the main event in the intestinal inflammation.
Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of intestinal damage. Indeed
reactive oxygen species and their oxidized by-products regulate redox-sensitive signaling
pathways and transcription factors, which sustain inflammation within the intestinal layer.
Methods: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol are the principal targets of oxidative
modifications.
These lipids, which are cell membrane constituents or are present in food, readily undergo
non-enzymatic oxidation to form chemically-reactive species that can induce a wide range of
biological effects including inflammation, programmed cell death, and proliferation.
Results and Conclusions: In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of
lipid oxidation products in regulating redox pathways involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation-
related gut diseases. In particular, lipid peroxidation end products, such as isoprostanes
and aldehydes, and cholesterol oxidation-derived oxysterols are taken into consideration.
The control of oxidative damage and consequently tissue local over-production of lipid oxidation
products by using specific antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules in the diet
may have clinical and therapeutic benefits.
