Abstract
The secosteroid vitamin D is best known for its role in calcium regulation and bone metabolism. Recently, however, an emerging body of evidence has suggested that vitamin D may have previously-unrecognized effects on a variety of physiologic processes, including those relating to glucose homeostasis. Indeed, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this review, the potential association between vitamin D and T2DM will be evaluated from both a pathophysiologic and clinical perspective. We consider the biologic evidence in support of a mechanistic contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, the two main pathophysiologic defects underlying T2DM. We also evaluate the clinical data linking vitamin D with these metabolic defects and dysglycemia. Finally, interventional studies addressing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis are considered. At present, this evolving literature is marked by many conflicting results and methodologic limitations, such that definitive conclusion on the role of vitamin D in T2DM remains elusive. Nevertheless, in light of the widespread prevalence of both vitamin D insufficiency and T2DM, this potential relationship could hold enormous public health implications and hence demands further study to address its unresolved questions.
Keywords: Vitamin D, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, Pathophysiology, Glucose Metabolism, cancers, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews
Title: Role of Vitamin D in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Volume: 8 Issue: 1
Author(s): Erica Stivelman and Ravi Retnakaran
Affiliation:
Keywords: Vitamin D, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, Pathophysiology, Glucose Metabolism, cancers, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes
Abstract: The secosteroid vitamin D is best known for its role in calcium regulation and bone metabolism. Recently, however, an emerging body of evidence has suggested that vitamin D may have previously-unrecognized effects on a variety of physiologic processes, including those relating to glucose homeostasis. Indeed, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). In this review, the potential association between vitamin D and T2DM will be evaluated from both a pathophysiologic and clinical perspective. We consider the biologic evidence in support of a mechanistic contribution of vitamin D insufficiency to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, the two main pathophysiologic defects underlying T2DM. We also evaluate the clinical data linking vitamin D with these metabolic defects and dysglycemia. Finally, interventional studies addressing the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose homeostasis are considered. At present, this evolving literature is marked by many conflicting results and methodologic limitations, such that definitive conclusion on the role of vitamin D in T2DM remains elusive. Nevertheless, in light of the widespread prevalence of both vitamin D insufficiency and T2DM, this potential relationship could hold enormous public health implications and hence demands further study to address its unresolved questions.
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Cite this article as:
Stivelman Erica and Retnakaran Ravi, Role of Vitamin D in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes, Current Diabetes Reviews 2012; 8 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339912798829179
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339912798829179 |
Print ISSN 1573-3998 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6417 |
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