Abstract
Newer biological agents that are designed to have multiple effects on a host require better ways to determine both their safety and toxicity. Indeed ecologically potent factors such as agents that can alter the gut milieu and change host responses are now being realized as a viable alternative to more focused pharmaceuticals. Even in the pharmaceutical arena there is a growing awareness of the preventative and therapeutic potential of alternative agents. Probiotics and prebiotics amongst other agents fall into this category and can have both direct and indirect effects on the pathogenesis and progress of disease. This review details some of the new approaches using non-invasive tests to enable firstly a better definition of a stressed through to a damaged gastrointestinal mucosa. They constitute ways to apply dynamic function testing in animal models and humans to provide reference points to which other measurements can be related e.g. altered circulating cytokines, altered gene expression. As such this phenotypic scaffold, alone and combined with newer molecular parameters, will improve our understanding of the interaction of luminal factors within the alimentary tract and the impact that these have on physiologically challenged mucosa and in disease both at the gastrointestinal level and also in remote organs. Practically, the dynamic function tests, primarily breath tests, can now be used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of the efficacy of new biologics such as probiotics and prebiotics that in part elicit their effects by altering the ecology of particular regions of the intestine.
Keywords: Non-invasive tests, probiotics, breath tests, gut function
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Non-Invasive Tests in Animal Models and Humans: A New Paradigm for Assessing Efficacy of Biologics Including Prebiotics and Probiotics
Volume: 14 Issue: 14
Author(s): R. N. Butler
Affiliation:
Keywords: Non-invasive tests, probiotics, breath tests, gut function
Abstract: Newer biological agents that are designed to have multiple effects on a host require better ways to determine both their safety and toxicity. Indeed ecologically potent factors such as agents that can alter the gut milieu and change host responses are now being realized as a viable alternative to more focused pharmaceuticals. Even in the pharmaceutical arena there is a growing awareness of the preventative and therapeutic potential of alternative agents. Probiotics and prebiotics amongst other agents fall into this category and can have both direct and indirect effects on the pathogenesis and progress of disease. This review details some of the new approaches using non-invasive tests to enable firstly a better definition of a stressed through to a damaged gastrointestinal mucosa. They constitute ways to apply dynamic function testing in animal models and humans to provide reference points to which other measurements can be related e.g. altered circulating cytokines, altered gene expression. As such this phenotypic scaffold, alone and combined with newer molecular parameters, will improve our understanding of the interaction of luminal factors within the alimentary tract and the impact that these have on physiologically challenged mucosa and in disease both at the gastrointestinal level and also in remote organs. Practically, the dynamic function tests, primarily breath tests, can now be used as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of the efficacy of new biologics such as probiotics and prebiotics that in part elicit their effects by altering the ecology of particular regions of the intestine.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Butler N. R., Non-Invasive Tests in Animal Models and Humans: A New Paradigm for Assessing Efficacy of Biologics Including Prebiotics and Probiotics, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2008; 14 (14) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208784480180
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161208784480180 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Epigenetics: New Concepts of Old Phenomena in Vascular Physiology
Current Vascular Pharmacology New Approach to Cancer Therapy: The Application of Signal Transduction to Anti-Cancer Drug
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Therapeutic Suppression of Nonsense Mutation: An Emerging Target in Multiple Diseases and Thrombotic Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting of Hsp32 in Solid Tumors and Leukemias: A Novel Approach to Optimize Anticancer Therapy (Supplementry Material)
Current Cancer Drug Targets Autoimmune Channelopathies of the Nervous System
Current Neuropharmacology L-Carnosine Modulates Respiratory Burst and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Neutrophil Biochemistry and Function: May Oral Dosage Form of Non-Hydrolized Dipeptide L-Carnosine Complement Anti-Infective Anti-Influenza Flu Treatment, Prevention and Self-Care as an Alternative to the Conventional Vaccination?
Current Clinical Pharmacology Leptin and the Regulation of Renal Sodium Handling and Renal Na+- Transporting ATPases: Role in the Pathogenesis of Arterial Hypertension
Current Cardiology Reviews Pediatric Immune Dysfunction and Health Risks Following Early-Life Immune Insult
Current Pediatric Reviews Overview of Brain Tumor Stem Cells – Implications for Treatment
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Editorial [Hot topic: Acute Health Effects of Passive Smoking (Guest Editor: Andreas D. Flouris)]
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Modulation of Energy Intake and Expenditure Due to Habitual Physical Exercise
Current Pharmaceutical Design Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention of Allergic and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Peroxidation of Mitochondrial Membrane Phospholipids in Pancreatic β -Cell Failure
Current Diabetes Reviews Stem Cell Engineering for the Treatment of Severe Hemoglobinopathies
Current Molecular Medicine Adenoviral Gene Delivery for HIV-1 Vaccination
Current Gene Therapy Cystic Hygroma with Multiple Benign Bone Lymphangiomas in an Adult Patient: A Rare Entity in the Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Osseous Lesions in Oncology Practice
Current Medical Imaging Cancer/Testis Antigens Trigger Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Genesis of Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Design Reproductive Toxicity of T Cells in Early Life: Abnormal Immune Development and Postnatal Diseases
Current Drug Targets Current Research on Opioid Receptor Function
Current Drug Targets Polymer-Drug Nanoconjugate – An Innovative Nanomedicine: Challenges and Recent Advancements in Rational Formulation Design for Effective Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology