Abstract
Probenecid (PROB) has been widely used for long time for different clinical purposes, from gout treatment to designs as a coadjutant for antibiotic agents. Among its many properties, the ability of PROB to preserve high concentrations of several metabolites and other agents in the CNS, together with its relative lack of side-effects, have made this drug a valuable pharmacological tool for clinical and basic research. Nowadays, biomedical research offers evidence about new targets for PROB that may help to explain its many beneficial actions. In this regard, despite most of its protective actions in the brain have been largely related to its capacity to accumulate the inhibitory metabolite kynurenic acid to further inhibit the glutamate-related excitotoxicity in different animal models of neurological disorders, in this review we describe the basic aspects of PROB’s pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action and discuss other alternative targets recently described for this drug that may complement its pattern of activity in the CNS, including its role as anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive agent when targeting different key proteins.
Keywords: Probenecid, clinical perspectives, pharmacokinetics, neuroprotective mechanisms, neurotransmitter modulation, neurological disorders.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Probenecid: An Emerging Tool for Neuroprotection
Volume: 12 Issue: 7
Author(s): Ana Laura Colín-González and Abel Santamaría
Affiliation:
Keywords: Probenecid, clinical perspectives, pharmacokinetics, neuroprotective mechanisms, neurotransmitter modulation, neurological disorders.
Abstract: Probenecid (PROB) has been widely used for long time for different clinical purposes, from gout treatment to designs as a coadjutant for antibiotic agents. Among its many properties, the ability of PROB to preserve high concentrations of several metabolites and other agents in the CNS, together with its relative lack of side-effects, have made this drug a valuable pharmacological tool for clinical and basic research. Nowadays, biomedical research offers evidence about new targets for PROB that may help to explain its many beneficial actions. In this regard, despite most of its protective actions in the brain have been largely related to its capacity to accumulate the inhibitory metabolite kynurenic acid to further inhibit the glutamate-related excitotoxicity in different animal models of neurological disorders, in this review we describe the basic aspects of PROB’s pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of action and discuss other alternative targets recently described for this drug that may complement its pattern of activity in the CNS, including its role as anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive agent when targeting different key proteins.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Colín-González Laura Ana and Santamaría Abel, Probenecid: An Emerging Tool for Neuroprotection, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2013; 12 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113129990090
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113129990090 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
P-Selectin Antagonism in Inflammatory Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Retraction Note: Phytochemicals from Plants to Combat Cardiovascular Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Update Clinical Application of Diffusion Tensor Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Physiology of Islet Engraftment
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Oxidative Stress and Altered Mitochondrial Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons From Mouse Models
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Microglial Proteases: Strategic Targets for Neuroprotective Agents
Current Neuropharmacology Pain Management in Hematological Patients with Major Organ Dysfunctions and Comorbid Illnesses
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of Nitric Oxide on Endothelial Function
Current Vascular Pharmacology Fish Oil Fatty Acids as Cardiovascular Drugs
Current Vascular Pharmacology Editorial (Hot Topic: Pharmacological and Molecular Targets in Cellular Redox Status Maintenance)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Characterization of Lin-ve CD34 and CD117 Cell Population Reveals an Increased Expression in Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells
Current Neurovascular Research Specific Targeting of Engineered Nanoparticles to Activated Macrophages
Current Nanoscience Acute Antithrombotic Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Current Vascular Pharmacology Adeno-associated Virus 9-mediated Small RNA Interference of TLR4 Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Rats
Current Molecular Medicine Resveratrol Pretreatment Ameliorates TNBS Colitis in Rats
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Protective Role of Melatonin in Liver Damage
Current Pharmaceutical Design Erythropoietin: New Approaches to Improved Molecular Designs and Therapeutic Alternatives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Histone Methylation and Transcriptional Regulation in Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets The Universal Nature, Unequal Distribution and Antioxidant Functions of Melatonin and Its Derivatives
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Caveolin-1: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Diverse Diseases
Current Molecular Pharmacology