Abstract
The use of vaccines has led to tremendous decreases in disease burdens across the world. Many challenges remain in expanding vaccine coverage to new pathogens, however, a struggle further hampered by a lack of understanding into many of the fundamental processes through which vaccines elicit robust immunity. In this review we cover recent advances in the field of innate immunity and vaccinology that offer new insights into the reasons some vaccines may succeed or fail. We begin with the secreted cytokines that can influence the nature of the adaptive immune response, and how these may be tuned with the use of particular adjuvants. From there we cover dendritic cells, perhaps the key cell at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. We discuss mechanisms for targeting specific subsets of dendritic cells, and the effects of this targeting. We further discuss additional modifications of the vaccine formulation to enhance interactions with innate immunity, including phagocytocis and antigen presentation. Finally, we step back to review recent advances in systems biology, and the ability of these new tools to provide deeper understanding of innate immune functions. We hope that this review will provide researchers with access to a breadth and depth of recent work that will allow for the rational design of novel vaccines to combat the most serious infectious diseases of today and tomorrow.
Keywords: Adjuvant, cytokine, dendritic cell, immunity, inflammation, innate, vaccine.
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Innate Immunity and Vaccines
Volume: 13 Issue: 20
Author(s): Andrew Platt and Lee Wetzler
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adjuvant, cytokine, dendritic cell, immunity, inflammation, innate, vaccine.
Abstract: The use of vaccines has led to tremendous decreases in disease burdens across the world. Many challenges remain in expanding vaccine coverage to new pathogens, however, a struggle further hampered by a lack of understanding into many of the fundamental processes through which vaccines elicit robust immunity. In this review we cover recent advances in the field of innate immunity and vaccinology that offer new insights into the reasons some vaccines may succeed or fail. We begin with the secreted cytokines that can influence the nature of the adaptive immune response, and how these may be tuned with the use of particular adjuvants. From there we cover dendritic cells, perhaps the key cell at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. We discuss mechanisms for targeting specific subsets of dendritic cells, and the effects of this targeting. We further discuss additional modifications of the vaccine formulation to enhance interactions with innate immunity, including phagocytocis and antigen presentation. Finally, we step back to review recent advances in systems biology, and the ability of these new tools to provide deeper understanding of innate immune functions. We hope that this review will provide researchers with access to a breadth and depth of recent work that will allow for the rational design of novel vaccines to combat the most serious infectious diseases of today and tomorrow.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Platt Andrew and Wetzler Lee, Innate Immunity and Vaccines, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 13 (20) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15680266113136660185
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15680266113136660185 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in an Unusual Presentation: What a Primary Care Physician Should Know
Current Rheumatology Reviews The Efficacy of Viral Capsid Inhibitors in Human Enterovirus Infection and Associated Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Forkhead Transcription Factor FOXO3a Controls Microglial Inflammatory Activation and Eventual Apoptotic Injury through Caspase 3
Current Neurovascular Research Drug Targets from Genetics: Alpha-Synuclein
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Improving Safety of Gene Therapy
Current Drug Safety Antimicrobial Sulfated Glycans: Structure and Function
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Biological Activity of Cytokines: An Evolutionary Perspective
Current Pharmaceutical Design Experiences with 99mTc-HMPAO in a Diagnostic Pathway for Violent Patients with Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Functional Selectivity in Cannabinoid Signaling
Current Molecular Pharmacology Neuroimaging of Cancer Patients for Psychosocial Support and Patient Care
Current Medical Imaging Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors as Therapeutic Agents for Neural Cell Injury
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Rashes, Sniffles, and Stroke: A Role for Infection in Ischemic Stroke of Childhood
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Role of Psychiatrists in the Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer's Disease “Revisited”: A Review and Clinical Opinion
Current Psychiatry Reviews Specific Roles of NMDA Receptor Subunits in Mental Disorders
Current Molecular Medicine Protective Antiviral Antibodies that Lack Neutralizing Activity: Precedents and Evolution of Concepts
Current HIV Research Mechanisms of Cell Signaling and Inflammation in Alzheimers Disease
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy Role of CNS Transporters in the Pharmacotherapy of HIV-1 Associated Neurological Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design Alphavirus Vectors for Gene Therapy Applications
Current Gene Therapy An Update on the Roles of the Complement System in Autoimmune Diseases and the Therapeutic Possibilities of Anti-Complement Agents
Current Drug Therapy LRP/LR as an Alternative Promising Target in Therapy of Prion Diseases, Alzheimers Disease and Cancer
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets