Abstract
Delivering therapeutic agents to the airways maximizes their concentration in lung tissue, decreasing systemic exposure or facilitating systemic absorption as desired. Many formulations exist for the treatment of respiratory illnesses however, no controlled release inhalation formulation exists to-date. This review is an update of the current advances in controlled release inhalation formulations and evaluation. The major successful particle engineering strategies are discussed along with potential in vitro and in vivo methodologies required for their characterisation. Controlled release formulation has many challenges to overcome, specific to this kind of medicament for inhalation. With small particle size and thus an increase in surface area, it becomes more difficult to achieve an effective controlled release profile. In addition, the physiology of the lung and its impact on resident particles need to be considered. An important issue when developing controlled release inhalation formulation is the toxic, inflammatory and accumulation effects of the release modifying agents used. These effects will need to be scrutinized in much greater detail in order to bring these formulations to the market. Currently, strategies for controlling the release of inhalation therapy include molecular dispersions (liposomal-based systems), solid lipid microparticles, coating or encapsulating drug particles in a lipid outer shield, solid biodegradable (synthetic and natural excipient-based matrices), conjugates and viscous semisolid vehicles. However, the availability of standardized pharmacopoeia methodologies to test the in vitro release rates or in vivo methodologies to evaluate deposition, pharmacokinetics and clearance of controlled release systems are not available. These methodologies are presented and discussed in this review.
Keywords: Controlled release, pulmonary inhalation, in vitro release, in vivo, biodegradable polymers, particle engineering, diffusion
Current Drug Delivery
Title: Recent Advances in Controlled Release Pulmonary Therapy
Volume: 6 Issue: 4
Author(s): Rania Salama, Daniela Traini, Hak-Kim Chan and Paul M. Young
Affiliation:
Keywords: Controlled release, pulmonary inhalation, in vitro release, in vivo, biodegradable polymers, particle engineering, diffusion
Abstract: Delivering therapeutic agents to the airways maximizes their concentration in lung tissue, decreasing systemic exposure or facilitating systemic absorption as desired. Many formulations exist for the treatment of respiratory illnesses however, no controlled release inhalation formulation exists to-date. This review is an update of the current advances in controlled release inhalation formulations and evaluation. The major successful particle engineering strategies are discussed along with potential in vitro and in vivo methodologies required for their characterisation. Controlled release formulation has many challenges to overcome, specific to this kind of medicament for inhalation. With small particle size and thus an increase in surface area, it becomes more difficult to achieve an effective controlled release profile. In addition, the physiology of the lung and its impact on resident particles need to be considered. An important issue when developing controlled release inhalation formulation is the toxic, inflammatory and accumulation effects of the release modifying agents used. These effects will need to be scrutinized in much greater detail in order to bring these formulations to the market. Currently, strategies for controlling the release of inhalation therapy include molecular dispersions (liposomal-based systems), solid lipid microparticles, coating or encapsulating drug particles in a lipid outer shield, solid biodegradable (synthetic and natural excipient-based matrices), conjugates and viscous semisolid vehicles. However, the availability of standardized pharmacopoeia methodologies to test the in vitro release rates or in vivo methodologies to evaluate deposition, pharmacokinetics and clearance of controlled release systems are not available. These methodologies are presented and discussed in this review.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Salama Rania, Traini Daniela, Chan Hak-Kim and Young M. Paul, Recent Advances in Controlled Release Pulmonary Therapy, Current Drug Delivery 2009; 6 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720109789000546
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720109789000546 |
Print ISSN 1567-2018 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5704 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Robotic and AI-based Drug Discovery and Delivery for Neurological Disorders
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and brain tumors, pose significant challenges in drug delivery due to the blood-brain barrier's intricate structure and the complexity of neuronal networks. Traditional drug delivery methods often fall short in reaching therapeutic concentrations within the central nervous system, limiting treatment efficacy and ...read more
Advances of natural products, bio-actives and novel drug delivery system against emerging viral infections
Due to the increasing prevalence of viral infections and the ability of these human pathogens to develop resistance to current treatment strategies, there is a great need to find and develop new compounds to combat them. These molecules must have low toxicity, specific activity and high bioavailability. The most suitable ...read more
Electrospun Fibers as Drug Delivery Systems
In recent years, electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention as potential platforms for drug delivery due to their distinctive properties and adaptability. These fibers feature a notable surface area-to-volume ratio and can be intentionally designed with high porosity, facilitating an increased capacity for drug loading and rendering them suitable for ...read more
Emerging Nanotherapeutics for Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Conditions affecting the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant hurdle due to limited access of both treatments and diagnostic tools for the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) acts as a barrier, restricting the passage of molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. The most formidable challenge facing scientists is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Identifying and Validating Oncology Therapeutic Targets in the Post- Genomics Era
Current Genomics Genetics and Bioenergetics of Mitochondria Influencing the Etiology and Pharmacology of Steroidal Hormones
Current Pharmacogenomics Milk Thistle: A Future Potential Anti-Osteoporotic and Fracture Healing Agent
Current Drug Targets Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-3 as a Therapeutic Target for Achondroplasia - Genetic Short Limbed Dwarfism
Current Drug Targets Identification of New Targets for Therapy of Osteolytic Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma
Current Drug Targets Regulation of Iron Absorption in Hemoglobinopathies
Current Molecular Medicine Probing Heterotrimeric G Protein Activation: Applications to Biased Ligands
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advances in Osteoclast Differentiation and Function
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Regulatory Mechanisms of Chondrogenesis and Implications for Understanding Articular Cartilage Homeostasis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Diagnostic Usefulness of Tumor Markers in the Thyroid Cytological Samples Extracted by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Intrathyroidal Ectopic Thymus and Sonoelastographic Findings
Current Medical Imaging Treatment of Acute Hypercalcemia
Medicinal Chemistry State of the Art of Biochemical Markers in Metastatic Bone Disease and the Role of Bisphosphonates as Therapeutic Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Quantitative Proteomics with Isotope Dilution Analysis: Principles and Applications
Current Proteomics Genistein Aglycone: A Dual Mode of Action Anti-Osteoporotic Soy Isoflavone Rebalancing Bone Turnover Towards Bone Formation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacological Countermeasures for the Acute Radiation Syndrome
Current Molecular Pharmacology The Interaction Between Burn Injury and Vitamin D Metabolism and Consequences for the Patient
Current Clinical Pharmacology Subject Index To Volume 7
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: Update and Future Perspectives)
Clinical Cancer Drugs V-ATPase Subunit Interactions: The Long Road to Therapeutic Targeting
Current Protein & Peptide Science