Abstract
The essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise 2 main classes: n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. The most common source of n-6 fatty acids is linoleic acid (LA) which is found in high concentrations in various vegetable oils. Arachidonic acid (AA), the 20-carbon n-6 fatty acid, is obtained largely by synthesis from LA in the body. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) are found in fish and fish oils. Long-Chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and lipid mediators derived from LCPUFAs have critical roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes including bone metabolism. There are different mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect bone: effect on calcium balance, effect on osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast activity, change of membrane function, decrease in inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), modulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Animal studies have shown that a higher dietary omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids ratio is associated with beneficial effects on bone health. In spite of increasing evidence of the positive effects of dietary fats on bone metabolism from animal and in vitro studies, the few studies conducted in humans do not allow us to draw a definitive conclusion on their usefulness in clinical practice.
Keywords: Omega 3, bone health, osteoporosis, polyunsaturated fatty acids
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: The Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Osteoporosis
Volume: 15 Issue: 36
Author(s): M. Maggio, A. Artoni, F. Lauretani, L. Borghi, A. Nouvenne, G. Valenti and G. P. Ceda
Affiliation:
Keywords: Omega 3, bone health, osteoporosis, polyunsaturated fatty acids
Abstract: The essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise 2 main classes: n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. The most common source of n-6 fatty acids is linoleic acid (LA) which is found in high concentrations in various vegetable oils. Arachidonic acid (AA), the 20-carbon n-6 fatty acid, is obtained largely by synthesis from LA in the body. The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) are found in fish and fish oils. Long-Chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and lipid mediators derived from LCPUFAs have critical roles in the regulation of a variety of biological processes including bone metabolism. There are different mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect bone: effect on calcium balance, effect on osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast activity, change of membrane function, decrease in inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), modulation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Animal studies have shown that a higher dietary omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids ratio is associated with beneficial effects on bone health. In spite of increasing evidence of the positive effects of dietary fats on bone metabolism from animal and in vitro studies, the few studies conducted in humans do not allow us to draw a definitive conclusion on their usefulness in clinical practice.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Maggio M., Artoni A., Lauretani F., Borghi L., Nouvenne A., Valenti G. and Ceda P. G., The Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Osteoporosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2009; 15 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789909728
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161209789909728 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Improved Drug Delivery System for Cancer Treatment by D-Glucose Conjugation with Eugenol From Natural Product
Current Drug Delivery Multifunctional RNase MCPIP1 and its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Lipids in Cancer
Current Organic Chemistry Recent Advances in Thymidine Kinase 2 (TK2) Inhibitors and New Perspectives for Potential Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Selenosemicarbazone Metal Complexes as Potential Metal-based Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Development of MET Targeted Therapy For Human Cancer
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Effects of Iron Chelation in Osteosarcoma
Current Cancer Drug Targets Natural Product Inhibitors of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway
Current Drug Targets Assessment of Bishosphonate Activity In Vitro
Current Pharmaceutical Design Vitamin D and Physical Performance in Athletes
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) A Novel Lily-of-the-Valley Fragrance Contrast Agent for Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Src Kinase Inhibitors: An Update on Patented Compounds
Current Medicinal Chemistry Berberine: A Fluorescent Alkaloid with a Variety of Applications from Medicine to Chemistry
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Advances in Research on Pharmacological Activities and Synthesis of Oleanolic Acid Derivatives at C-3 Position
The Natural Products Journal New Indications for Established Drugs: Combined Tumor-Stroma-Targeted Cancer Therapy with PPARγ Agonists, COX-2 Inhibitors, mTOR Antagonists and Metronomic Chemotherapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Targeting Vesicle Trafficking: An Important Approach to Cancer Chemotherapy
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery CypA: A Potential Target of Tumor Radiotherapy and/or Chemotherapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Advances in Targeting Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway in Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Role for the Inflammatory Mediators Cox-2 and Metalloproteinases in Cancer Stemness
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Inactivation of Parathyroid Hormone: Perspectives of Drug Discovery to Combating Hyperparathyroidism
Current Molecular Pharmacology