Abstract
In recent years, VIP / PACAP / secretin family has special interest. Family members are vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), secretin, glucagon, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1), GLP2, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH or GRF), and peptide histidine methionine (PHM). Most of the family members present both in central nervous system (CNS) and in various peripheral tissues. The family members that are released into blood from periphery, especially gut, circulate the brain and they can cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, some of the members of this family that present in the brain, can cross from brain to blood and reach the peripheral targets. VIP, secretin, GLP1, and PACAP 27 are transported into the brain by transmembrane diffusion, a non-saturable mechanism. However, uptake of PACAP 38 into the brain is saturable mechanism. While there is no report for the passage of GIP, GLP2, and PHM, there is only one report that shows, glucagon and GHRH can cross the BBB. The passage of VIP / PACAP / secretin family members opens up new horizon for understanding of CNS effects of peripherally administrated peptides. There is much hope that those peptides may prove to be useful in the treatment of serious neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, AIDS related neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, autism, stroke and nerve injury. Their benefits in various pathophysiologic conditions undoubtly motivate the development of a novel drug design for future therapeutics.
Keywords: secretin family, blood-brain barrier, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, peptide histidine methionine
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Passage of VIP / PACAP / Secretin Family Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Therapeutic Effects
Volume: 10 Issue: 12
Author(s): Dilek Dogrukol-Ak, Fatma Tore and Nese Tuncel
Affiliation:
Keywords: secretin family, blood-brain barrier, vasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, gastric inhibitory peptide, peptide histidine methionine
Abstract: In recent years, VIP / PACAP / secretin family has special interest. Family members are vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), secretin, glucagon, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP1), GLP2, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH or GRF), and peptide histidine methionine (PHM). Most of the family members present both in central nervous system (CNS) and in various peripheral tissues. The family members that are released into blood from periphery, especially gut, circulate the brain and they can cross the blood brain barrier. On the other hand, some of the members of this family that present in the brain, can cross from brain to blood and reach the peripheral targets. VIP, secretin, GLP1, and PACAP 27 are transported into the brain by transmembrane diffusion, a non-saturable mechanism. However, uptake of PACAP 38 into the brain is saturable mechanism. While there is no report for the passage of GIP, GLP2, and PHM, there is only one report that shows, glucagon and GHRH can cross the BBB. The passage of VIP / PACAP / secretin family members opens up new horizon for understanding of CNS effects of peripherally administrated peptides. There is much hope that those peptides may prove to be useful in the treatment of serious neurological diseases such as Alzheimers disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinsons disease, AIDS related neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, autism, stroke and nerve injury. Their benefits in various pathophysiologic conditions undoubtly motivate the development of a novel drug design for future therapeutics.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dogrukol-Ak Dilek, Tore Fatma and Tuncel Nese, Passage of VIP / PACAP / Secretin Family Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Therapeutic Effects, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2004; 10 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043384934
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612043384934 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Distal Symmetric Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy: These Two Diabetic Microvascular Complications do not Invariably Co-Exist
Current Vascular Pharmacology Sleep Disturbances and Cognitive Impairment in the Course of Type 2 Diabetes-A Possible Link
Current Neuropharmacology Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes and the Relationship of dGlucose to Kidney Function
Current Diabetes Reviews Diabetes, the Renin-Angiotensin System and Heart Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targeting TRPs in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Assessment of Endothelial Function by Positron Emission Tomography
Current Cardiology Reviews NF-κB Blockers Gifted by Mother Nature: Prospectives in Cancer Cell Chemosensitization
Current Pharmaceutical Design Interactions Between Plasma Proteins and Naturally Occurring Polyphenols
Current Drug Metabolism Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 Inhibitors: Potential Drugs for Cancer Treatment
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery From Endothelial Dysfunction to Arterial Stiffness in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Pharmacologically Targeting the Primary Defect and Downstream Pathology in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Current Gene Therapy Management of Type 2 Diabetes: More Evidence is Required to Address the Clinical and Contextual Facets
Current Diabetes Reviews Association Between Intra-Hospital Uncontrolled Glycemia and Health Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
Current Diabetes Reviews Perspective of Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Sepsis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biochemistry and Neurobiology of Prosaposin: A Potential Therapeutic Neuro-Effector
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Microdialysis as an Excellent Sampling Approach for Biomedical Analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Safety and Complications Reporting Update on the Re-Implantation of Culture-Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Autologous Platelet Lysate Technique
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Co-Enzyme Q10 to Treat Neurological Disorders: Basic Mechanisms, Clinical Outcomes, and Future Research Direction
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Prostacyclin, Atherothrombosis and Diabetes Mellitus: Physiologic and Clinical Considerations
Current Molecular Medicine The Potential Role of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) in Diabetic Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews