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Current Diabetes Reviews

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ISSN (Print): 1573-3998
ISSN (Online): 1875-6417

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of the Potential Links

Author(s): Majid Pakdin, Samaneh Toutounchian, Sina Namazi, Zahra Arabpour, Amirreza Pouladi, Sahar Afsahi, Mohadeseh Poudineh, Mohammad Mehdi Mousavi Nasab, Shirin Yaghoobpoor* and Niloofar Deravi*

Volume 18, Issue 8, 2022

Published on: 14 January, 2022

Article ID: e051121197760 Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666211105122545

Price: $65

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease are considered the most prevalent diseases in older ages worldwide. The main pathology of Alzheimer’s disease is highly related with accumulation of misfolded proteins that lead to neuronal dysfunction in the brain. On the other hand, diabetes mellitus is associated with alteration of insulin signaling, which could cause the reduction of glucose uptake, metabolic prohibition of energy consuming cells, as well as suppression of glucose to fat conversion in the liver. In spite of having seemingly different pathological features, both diseases share common underlying biological mechanisms. Besides, the epidemiological and environmental links between these two diseases should not be overlooked. In this study, we aim to review shared pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus, including impaired glucose metabolism, increased Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) production, impaired lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. Furthermore, we discuss epidemiological association between these two diseases and also review animal investigations, which have evaluated the potential links between the two diseases.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes mellitus, insulin, drugs, impaired metabolism, inflammation.

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