Abstract
Cachexia is often associated with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and a reduced energy metabolism. The maintenance of muscle mass can be generally regarded as a simple balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Several evidences are available in the current literature favoring a model in which myofilaments are released from the sarcomere by the action of calciumactivated calpains followed by the degradation of the myofilaments by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The initiation of the protein breakdown machinery is regulated by several factors like inflammatory cytokines, angiotensin II, insulin / insulin like growth factor 1 and reactive oxygen species. These factors also have the capability to influence PGC-1alpha activity, thereby regulating mitochondrial energy production. All these molecular alterations regulating muscle mass and energy production in the skeletal muscle finally leads to a reduction in exercise capacity in cachexia.
Keywords: Ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS), muscle protein balance, exercise training, cachexia, mitochondria, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, atrophy, insulin, myostatin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Muscle Metabolism and Exercise Capacity in Cachexia
Volume: 17 Issue: 35
Author(s): Volker Adams, Stefan D. Anker and Gerhard Schuler
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS), muscle protein balance, exercise training, cachexia, mitochondria, inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, atrophy, insulin, myostatin
Abstract: Cachexia is often associated with severe loss of skeletal muscle mass and a reduced energy metabolism. The maintenance of muscle mass can be generally regarded as a simple balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. Several evidences are available in the current literature favoring a model in which myofilaments are released from the sarcomere by the action of calciumactivated calpains followed by the degradation of the myofilaments by the ubiquitin proteasome system. The initiation of the protein breakdown machinery is regulated by several factors like inflammatory cytokines, angiotensin II, insulin / insulin like growth factor 1 and reactive oxygen species. These factors also have the capability to influence PGC-1alpha activity, thereby regulating mitochondrial energy production. All these molecular alterations regulating muscle mass and energy production in the skeletal muscle finally leads to a reduction in exercise capacity in cachexia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Adams Volker, D. Anker Stefan and Schuler Gerhard, Muscle Metabolism and Exercise Capacity in Cachexia, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2011; 17 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357746
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161211798357746 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Relationship Between Hypertensive Retinopathy and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Early Vascular Ageing (EVA): Definitions and Clinical Applicability
Current Hypertension Reviews Microvascular Obstruction After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Prognostic Significance
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Roles of Cytochrome P450 in Ischemic Heart Disease
Current Drug Metabolism Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Clinical and Metabolic Approach
Current Vascular Pharmacology Magnetic Resonance-Based Metabolomics for Understanding Neurological Disorders: Current Status and Statistical Considerations
Current Metabolomics Role of Angiotensin-1-Receptor Blockers In Cardiorenal Disease
Current Drug Therapy Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Electromechanical Cellular Alterations
Current Vascular Pharmacology Review on Bosentan, A Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Stent Selection in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: Drug Eluting, Biodegradable Polymers or Bare Metal Stents?
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Growing Collateral Arteries On Demand
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Actions of Selected Cardiovascular Hormones on Arterial Stiffness and Wave Reflections
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Heme Oxygenase-1 in Vascular Disease
Current Drug Targets The Failure of Immunomodulation Therapy in Heart Failure: Does the Statins “Paradigm” Prove the Rule?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Therapeutic Targets to Raise HDL in Patients at Risk or with Coronary Artery Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Anti-VEGF Strategies – from Antibodies to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Background and Clinical Development in Human Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design A Practical Guide for the Treatment of Symptomatic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Current Cardiology Reviews Recent Advances in Sepsis Research: Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Beneficial Role of Vitamin D in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Current HIV Research Current Concepts on Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Fetal Tachyarrythmias
Current Cardiology Reviews