Abstract
The study of immune related genes in lampreys and hagfish provides a unique perspective on the evolutionary genetic underpinnings of adaptive immunity and the evolution of vertebrate genomes. Separated from their jawed cousins at the stem of the vertebrate lineage, these jawless vertebrates have many of the gene families and gene regulatory networks associated with the defining morphological and physiological features of vertebrates. These include genes vital for innate immunity, inflammation, wound healing, protein degradation, and the development, signaling and trafficking of lymphocytes. Jawless vertebrates recognize antigen by using leucine-rich repeat (LRR) based variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which are very different from the immunoglobulin (Ig) based T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) used for antigen recognition by jawed vertebrates. The somatically constructed VLR genes are expressed in monoallelic fashion by T-like and B-like lymphocytes. Jawless and jawed vertebrates thus share many of the genes that provide the molecular infrastructure and physiological context for adaptive immune responses, yet use entirely different genes and mechanisms of combinatorial assembly to generate diverse repertoires of antigen recognition receptors.
Keywords: Adaptive immunity, Antigen receptor, Evolution, Jawless vertebrate, Leucine-rich repeat, Phylogeny, Somatic diversification, Variable Lymphocyte Receptor, CpG methylation, Genes
Current Genomics
Title:Immune Related Genes Underpin the Evolution of Adaptive Immunity in Jawless Vertebrates
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Nathanael McCurley, Masayuki Hirano, Sabyasachi Das, Max D. Cooper
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adaptive immunity, Antigen receptor, Evolution, Jawless vertebrate, Leucine-rich repeat, Phylogeny, Somatic diversification, Variable Lymphocyte Receptor, CpG methylation, Genes
Abstract:
The study of immune related genes in lampreys and hagfish provides a unique perspective on the evolutionary genetic underpinnings of adaptive immunity and the evolution of vertebrate genomes. Separated from their jawed cousins at the stem of the vertebrate lineage, these jawless vertebrates have many of the gene families and gene regulatory networks associated with the defining morphological and physiological features of vertebrates. These include genes vital for innate immunity, inflammation, wound healing, protein degradation, and the development, signaling and trafficking of lymphocytes. Jawless vertebrates recognize antigen by using leucine-rich repeat (LRR) based variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which are very different from the immunoglobulin (Ig) based T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) used for antigen recognition by jawed vertebrates. The somatically constructed VLR genes are expressed in monoallelic fashion by T-like and B-like lymphocytes. Jawless and jawed vertebrates thus share many of the genes that provide the molecular infrastructure and physiological context for adaptive immune responses, yet use entirely different genes and mechanisms of combinatorial assembly to generate diverse repertoires of antigen recognition receptors.
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Cite this article as:
Nathanael McCurley, Masayuki Hirano, Sabyasachi Das, Max D. Cooper , Immune Related Genes Underpin the Evolution of Adaptive Immunity in Jawless Vertebrates, Current Genomics 2012; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920212799860670
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920212799860670 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
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