Abstract
“Nutrigenomics” refers to the ability of nutrients to alter gene expression. Insulin secreting β-cells exhibit genomic and molecular changes that enhance their function when acutely exposed to physiological concentrations of glucose and fatty acids. However, chronic exposure, such as occurs in the hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic state of obesity/ prediabetes can exert deleterious effects on β-cell function through alteration of gene expression. The genomic underpinnings of so-called glucolipotoxicity on the β-cell and its relationship to development of type 2 diabetes will be discussed in this review article. For example, free fatty acids influence β-cell gene expression by direct interaction with transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Glucose responsive genes include the insulin gene as well as genes involved in β-cell survival and other functions. In addition, obesity is now recognized as a condition of chronic, low-level inflammation. The adipose tissue secretes multiple circulating hormones termed adipokines, and the relationship between these and the β-cell has been termed adipotoxicity. The influence of adipokines on regulation of insulin secretion and β-cell survival will be reviewed.
Keywords: Insulin, β-cell, glucolipotoxicity, adipotoxicity, nutrigenomics
Current Genomics
Title: Nutrigenomics, β-Cell Function and Type 2 Diabetes
Volume: 8 Issue: 1
Author(s): R. Nino-Fong, T. M. Collins and C. B. Chan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Insulin, β-cell, glucolipotoxicity, adipotoxicity, nutrigenomics
Abstract: “Nutrigenomics” refers to the ability of nutrients to alter gene expression. Insulin secreting β-cells exhibit genomic and molecular changes that enhance their function when acutely exposed to physiological concentrations of glucose and fatty acids. However, chronic exposure, such as occurs in the hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic state of obesity/ prediabetes can exert deleterious effects on β-cell function through alteration of gene expression. The genomic underpinnings of so-called glucolipotoxicity on the β-cell and its relationship to development of type 2 diabetes will be discussed in this review article. For example, free fatty acids influence β-cell gene expression by direct interaction with transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Glucose responsive genes include the insulin gene as well as genes involved in β-cell survival and other functions. In addition, obesity is now recognized as a condition of chronic, low-level inflammation. The adipose tissue secretes multiple circulating hormones termed adipokines, and the relationship between these and the β-cell has been termed adipotoxicity. The influence of adipokines on regulation of insulin secretion and β-cell survival will be reviewed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nino-Fong R., Collins M. T. and Chan B. C., Nutrigenomics, β-Cell Function and Type 2 Diabetes, Current Genomics 2007; 8 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920207780076947
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920207780076947 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis
The thematic issue on "Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis" aims to explore the cutting-edge methodologies and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of genomic research, where vast amounts of data pose both challenges and opportunities. This issue will cover a broad spectrum of AI-driven strategies, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Deep learning in Single Cell Analysis
The field of biology is undergoing a revolution in our ability to study individual cells at the molecular level, and to integrate data from multiple sources and modalities. This has been made possible by advances in technologies for single-cell sequencing, multi-omics profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and high-throughput imaging, as well as ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
MicroRNAs in Diabetic β Cell Dysfunction and their Role as Biomarkers
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12, Alone and in Combination on Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Factors in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Single-blind Experimental Design
Current Alzheimer Research Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Enhances Liver Tolerance to Ischemia/Reperfusion
Current Medicinal Chemistry Autophagy to the Rescue
Current Neurovascular Research Conservative Management of Gestational Hypercalcemia Due to Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Lack of Complications
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Current Approaches to Diagnostics and Therapies of Chronic Diseases: Focus on Molecular and Cell Biology
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Dendritic Cell-T Cell Synapse as a Determinant of Autoimmune Pathogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mechanisms Underlying Beneficial Health Effects of Tea Catechins to Improve Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Dysfunction
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Foreword
Current Nutrition & Food Science Novel Coumarin Containing Dithiocarbamate Derivatives as Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitors for Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Medicinal Chemistry Cosignaling Complexity Gets More Convoluted: The Emerging Importance of the B7-Like Butyrophilin Family of Immune Regulators
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Serum Hepcidin, the Hepcidin/Ferritin Ratio and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hypoglycaemia and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients with Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Diabetes Beyond Insulin: Review of New Drugs for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Polymorphisms at the LDLR Locus may be Associated with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Independent of Lipid Profile
Current Neurovascular Research Assessment of Glomerular and Tubular Function
Current Pediatric Reviews The Essential Mechanisms of Aging: What Have We Learnt in Ten Years?
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Inhibitory Smad7: Emerging Roles in Health and Disease
Current Molecular Pharmacology Alzheimer’s Disease is Associated with Increased Risk of Osteoporosis: The Chongqing Aging Study
Current Alzheimer Research Invariant Natural Killer T Cell-Based Therapy of Autoimmune Diseases
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued)