Abstract
Mammary fluids, colostrum and milk, deliver natures first host defense systems upon birth, and these essential liquids are critical for survival of the neonate. The identification and characterization of anti-infectious proteins were among the early scientific discoveries and this group of proteins has long been recognized for promoting health benefits in both newborns and adults. Among the more widely studied are the immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin. Recently, it was shown that α-lactalbumin may also function in a protective capacity dependent upon its folding state. Some of these, especially lactoferrin, also display an immunomodulatory role in which case a totally separate cascade of host defense responses is initiated. It was noted that the mechanism of action for this cluster of sentry proteins does vary; thus, this protective strategy provides for a broad range of responsive reactions to infection. Presently, there is a major focus on the discovery of novel peptides that can be generated from existing milk proteins via proteolytic reactions. To date, this substrate list includes α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, all casein fractions, and lactoferrin. Again, the immunoregulatory effects prompted as a result of the appearance of these peptides are currently being defined. Herein, we review the principal biological properties associated with each of these contributing milk components with a special emphasis on the role of biodefensive milk peptides. We envision future contributions emerging from this research field as an opportunity to develop effective new therapies to be used in treating infectious diseases and promoting health benefits in vivo.
Keywords: immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, a-lactalbumin, b-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, antimicrobial milk proteins, immunoregulatory milk peptides
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Biodefense Properties of Milk: The Role of Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides
Volume: 9 Issue: 16
Author(s): D. A. Clare, G. L. Catignani and H. E. Swaisgood
Affiliation:
Keywords: immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, a-lactalbumin, b-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, antimicrobial milk proteins, immunoregulatory milk peptides
Abstract: Mammary fluids, colostrum and milk, deliver natures first host defense systems upon birth, and these essential liquids are critical for survival of the neonate. The identification and characterization of anti-infectious proteins were among the early scientific discoveries and this group of proteins has long been recognized for promoting health benefits in both newborns and adults. Among the more widely studied are the immunoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme, and lactoferrin. Recently, it was shown that α-lactalbumin may also function in a protective capacity dependent upon its folding state. Some of these, especially lactoferrin, also display an immunomodulatory role in which case a totally separate cascade of host defense responses is initiated. It was noted that the mechanism of action for this cluster of sentry proteins does vary; thus, this protective strategy provides for a broad range of responsive reactions to infection. Presently, there is a major focus on the discovery of novel peptides that can be generated from existing milk proteins via proteolytic reactions. To date, this substrate list includes α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, all casein fractions, and lactoferrin. Again, the immunoregulatory effects prompted as a result of the appearance of these peptides are currently being defined. Herein, we review the principal biological properties associated with each of these contributing milk components with a special emphasis on the role of biodefensive milk peptides. We envision future contributions emerging from this research field as an opportunity to develop effective new therapies to be used in treating infectious diseases and promoting health benefits in vivo.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Clare A. D., Catignani L. G. and Swaisgood E. H., Biodefense Properties of Milk: The Role of Antimicrobial Proteins and Peptides, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2003; 9 (16) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033454874
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612033454874 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Major CYP450 Polymorphism among Saudi Patients
Drug Metabolism Letters Estrogen Receptors as Targets for Drug Development for Breast Cancer, Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Cancer Drug Targets Clinical, Molecular- and Cytogenetic Analysis of a Case of Severe Radio- Sensitivity
Current Genomics Role of Phase II Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Cancer Chemoprevention
Current Drug Metabolism The ErbB Receptors and their Ligands in Cancer: An Overview
Current Drug Targets Origins and Consequences of AID Expression in Lymphoid Neoplasms
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) The Role of Microbial Agents in the Etiology of Schizophrenia: An Infectious Hypothesis for Psychosis?
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Recent Developments in the Regulation of Monoamine Oxidase Form and Function: Is the Current Model Restricting Our Understanding of the Breadth of Contribution of Monoamine Oxidase to Brain [dys]Function?
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry In vivo Radiosensitization of Human Glioma U87 Cells Induced by Upregulated Expression of DUSP-2 after Treatment with Curcumin
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Quercetin in Cancer Treatment, Alone or in Combination with Conventional Therapeutics?
Current Medicinal Chemistry <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor, Pharmacological and Toxicological Study of Pyrimido[ 4′,5′:4,5] thieno(2,3-b)quinoline with 9-hydroxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) and 8-methoxy-4-(3-diethylaminopropylamino) Substitutions
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Sleeping Beauty Transposon Vector System for Treatment of Rare Genetic Diseases: An Unrealized Hope?
Current Gene Therapy A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacognostical Investigation and Pharmacology of Typhonium trilobatum
The Natural Products Journal Steroid Regulation of Drug-Metabolizing Cytochromes P450
Current Drug Metabolism Advantages of Nanotechnology- Based Chinese Herb Drugs on Biological Activities
Current Drug Metabolism Green Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites of Nigella sativa Seeds Extract for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Current Nanomaterials Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy: An Evolving Field
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Sanguinarine: A Double-Edged Sword of Anticancer and Carcinogenesis and Its Future Application Prospect
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Radionuclide Imaging in Drug Development
Current Pharmaceutical Design Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Extract Treatment Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Activation of Tryptophan Metabolism
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy