Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex pathology characterized by the occurrence of a variety of symptoms classified as positive, negative and cognitive. Although the exact etiopathogenesis of this disorder has not been unraveled yet, many theories have been endorsed during the last years. Among these, the neurochemical theories have been the most suited, considering the dopaminergic and glutamatergic dysfunctions to be mainly responsible for psychotic symptoms. However, the lack of efficacy of the available drugs, namely antipsychotics, toward negative and cognitive symptoms led to hypothesize alternative approaches. In this regard, the neurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia has emerged, proposing the association between the occurrence of environmental risk factors in early-life and the development of psychosis in late-life. In particular, exposure to early life stressing situations, such as pre- and peri-natal stress, has been suggested as a risk factor to d evelop psychopathologies in adulthood in people genetically predisposed. A crucial support in favor of this hypothesis came from neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia, such as maternal malnutrition, maternal deprivation, maternal infections as well as post-weaning social isolation rearing. Moreover, data from these models, corroborated by clinical findings, indicate that oxidative and nitrosative stress play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In the present work, we reviewed the recent progress in literature regarding data available from animal models linking oxidative and nitrosative stress to psychiatric disorders in order to evaluate novel biomarkers of pathology as well as novel therapeutical targets.
Keywords: Early life stress, NOX, NOS, psychiatric disorders, NMDA receptors, nitric oxide, social isolation, maternal stress.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Early Life and Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can we Learn From Animal Models?
Volume: 21 Issue: 11
Author(s): Emanuela Mhillaj, Maria Grazia Morgese and Luigia Trabace
Affiliation:
Keywords: Early life stress, NOX, NOS, psychiatric disorders, NMDA receptors, nitric oxide, social isolation, maternal stress.
Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex pathology characterized by the occurrence of a variety of symptoms classified as positive, negative and cognitive. Although the exact etiopathogenesis of this disorder has not been unraveled yet, many theories have been endorsed during the last years. Among these, the neurochemical theories have been the most suited, considering the dopaminergic and glutamatergic dysfunctions to be mainly responsible for psychotic symptoms. However, the lack of efficacy of the available drugs, namely antipsychotics, toward negative and cognitive symptoms led to hypothesize alternative approaches. In this regard, the neurodevelopmental theory of schizophrenia has emerged, proposing the association between the occurrence of environmental risk factors in early-life and the development of psychosis in late-life. In particular, exposure to early life stressing situations, such as pre- and peri-natal stress, has been suggested as a risk factor to d evelop psychopathologies in adulthood in people genetically predisposed. A crucial support in favor of this hypothesis came from neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia, such as maternal malnutrition, maternal deprivation, maternal infections as well as post-weaning social isolation rearing. Moreover, data from these models, corroborated by clinical findings, indicate that oxidative and nitrosative stress play a crucial role in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. In the present work, we reviewed the recent progress in literature regarding data available from animal models linking oxidative and nitrosative stress to psychiatric disorders in order to evaluate novel biomarkers of pathology as well as novel therapeutical targets.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Mhillaj Emanuela, Morgese Grazia Maria and Trabace Luigia, Early Life and Oxidative Stress in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can we Learn From Animal Models?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (11) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150105122422
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150105122422 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Adenosine A1 Receptors in the Central Nervous System: Their Functions in Health and Disease, and Possible Elucidation by PET Imaging
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Emerging Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Stress-Related Disorders
Current Neuropharmacology Concentration-Dependent Bimodal Effect of Specific 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) Ligands on Cell Death Processes Induced by Ammonium Chloride: Potential Implications for Neuropathological Effects Due to Hyperammonemia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Multiple Layers of Signaling Selectivity at Protease-Activated Receptors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Metabolomic-Driven Elucidation of Serum Disturbances Associated with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Melatonin Receptor as a Drug Target for Neuroprotection
Current Molecular Pharmacology Allosteric Modulators for Adenosine Receptors: An Alternative to the Orthosteric Ligands
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial (Hot Topic: Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases)
Current Enzyme Inhibition Potential Lithium and Fluoride Interactions in Studies of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3
Current Enzyme Inhibition mGluRI Targets Microglial Activation and Selectively Prevents Neuronal Cell Engulfment Through Akt and Caspase Dependent Pathways
Current Neurovascular Research Cell Culture Models of Oxidative Stress and Injury in the Central Nervous System
Current Neurovascular Research The Impact of Dementia Development Concurrent with Parkinson's Disease: A New Perspective
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Protective Effects of Melatonin and Mitochondria-targeted Antioxidants Against Oxidative Stress: A Review
Current Medicinal Chemistry Single-dose Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of Oral Delta-9- Tetrahydrocannabinol in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Drug Metabolism Letters Editorial (Thematic Issue: Ceramics, Nanotubes, Advanced Materials: Theoretical and Experimental Structure-Property Relationships Part IV)
Current Physical Chemistry Autoimmune Neuromuscular Disorders
Current Neuropharmacology Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Central Nervous System Diseases
Current Drug Targets Editorial (BIOQUEST India: A Global Biotechnology Forum for Knowledge-Based Innovation and Sustainable Development)
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Mitochondrial Aconitase in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Role of a Metabolism- related Molecule in Neurodegeneration
Current Drug Targets The Blood Brain Barrier and its Role in Alzheimer's Therapy: An Overview
Current Drug Targets