Title:Integrin Antagonists: A Special Emphasis on Structural Requirements of N-benzoyl-L-biphenylalanines as α4β7 and α4β1 Antagonists
VOLUME: 13 ISSUE: 2
Author(s):Sk. Abdul Amin, Nilanjan Adhikari, Shovanlal Gayen and Tarun Jha*
Affiliation:Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P.O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P.O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University, Sagar 470003, Madhya Pradesh, Natural Science Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, P.O. Box 17020, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal
Keywords:Integrin, signaling, α4β7 and α4β1 antagonists, N-benzoyl-L-biphenylalanines, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),
atherosclerosis, Open3DQSAR.
Abstract:Background: Complex integrin molecules, composed of eighteen α and eight β
subunits, are responsible for modulating different signal transduction mechanisms across the
plasma membrane. Two heterodimeric integrins, α4β7 and α4β1 are in the interest of researchers due
to their immense importance in regulating a variety of inflammatory diseases such as asthma,
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis
(MS). Small molecules α4β7 antagonists selective over α4β1 may be a safe and effective remedy
for autoimmune disorders. Therefore, designing new small molecule selective α4β7 antagonists
should have immense importance in anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug discovery.
Materials and Methods: Integrins are discussed in terms of their structural point of view along
with their signaling mechanisms. A brief description of the α4β7 and α4β1 antagonists in clinical trials
in process or terminated was also highlighted. Firategrast and SB-683698 as dual integrin α4β7
and α4β1 antagonists having N-benzoyl-L-biphenylalanine moiety showed some positive response
in clinical trials initially. However, this molecule failed in evaluation due to adverse effects.
Hence, compounds with this scaffold may be clinically effective as a drug candidate in future.
Therefore, detailed structural analysis of the N-benzoyl-L-biphenylalanines was provided in this
study.
Conclusion: The Open3DQSAR models on both integrins α4β7 and α4β1 were statistically significant.
For integrin α4β7 antagonists, the best 3D-QSAR model resulted in an LOO-Q2 of 0.6240 and
an R2
Pred of 0.7366 whereas, for integrin α4β1 antagonists, the best model yielded an LOO-Q2 of
0.7487 and an R2
Pred of 0.5366. Important structural features required for higher α4β7 and α4β1 antagonistic
activity of N-benzoyl-L-biphenylalanines were highlighted. This study may provide useful
information regarding the overall structural aspects of integrins along with better α4β7 antagonists
designing approaches in future.
