Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. LOAD has a complex and largely unknown etiology with strong genetic determinants. Genetics of LOAD is known to involve several genetic risk factors among which the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene seems to be the major recognized genetic determinant. Recent efforts have been made to identify other genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of LOAD such as genes associated with a deficit of neurotrophic factors in the AD brain. Genetic variations of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and transforming-growth-factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are known to increase the risk to develop LOAD and have also been related to depression susceptibility in LOAD. Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 (TGF- β1) is a neurotrophic factor that exerts neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that a specific impairment in the signaling of TGF-β is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. TGF-β1 protein levels are predominantly under genetic control, and the TGF-β1 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.1–3, contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream and in the transcript region, such as the SNP at codon +10 (T/C) and +25 (G/C), which is known to influence the level of expression of TGF-β1. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on genetic risk factors for LOAD, focusing on the role of the TGF-β1 gene, finally discussing the possible implications of these genetic studies for the selection of patients eligible for neuroprotective strategies in AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Depression, Drugs, Genetic polymorphism, Risk factor, Transforming-growth-factor-β1
Current Genomics
Title:Role of the Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 Gene in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for the Treatment
Volume: 14 Issue: 2
Author(s): Paolo Bosco, Raffaele Ferri, Maria Grazia Salluzzo, Sabrina Castellano, Maria Signorelli, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Santo Di Nuovo, Filippo Drago and Filippo Caraci
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Depression, Drugs, Genetic polymorphism, Risk factor, Transforming-growth-factor-β1
Abstract: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. LOAD has a complex and largely unknown etiology with strong genetic determinants. Genetics of LOAD is known to involve several genetic risk factors among which the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene seems to be the major recognized genetic determinant. Recent efforts have been made to identify other genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of LOAD such as genes associated with a deficit of neurotrophic factors in the AD brain. Genetic variations of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and transforming-growth-factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are known to increase the risk to develop LOAD and have also been related to depression susceptibility in LOAD. Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 (TGF- β1) is a neurotrophic factor that exerts neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that a specific impairment in the signaling of TGF-β is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. TGF-β1 protein levels are predominantly under genetic control, and the TGF-β1 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.1–3, contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream and in the transcript region, such as the SNP at codon +10 (T/C) and +25 (G/C), which is known to influence the level of expression of TGF-β1. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on genetic risk factors for LOAD, focusing on the role of the TGF-β1 gene, finally discussing the possible implications of these genetic studies for the selection of patients eligible for neuroprotective strategies in AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bosco Paolo, Ferri Raffaele, Grazia Salluzzo Maria, Castellano Sabrina, Signorelli Maria, Nicoletti Ferdinando, Di Nuovo Santo, Drago Filippo and Caraci Filippo, Role of the Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 Gene in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for the Treatment, Current Genomics 2013; 14 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202911314020007
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202911314020007 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis
The thematic issue on "Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis" aims to explore the cutting-edge methodologies and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of genomic research, where vast amounts of data pose both challenges and opportunities. This issue will cover a broad spectrum of AI-driven strategies, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Current Genomics in Cardiovascular Research
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, in recent years we have had important advances in the interaction between cardiovascular disease and genomics. In this Research Topic, we intend for researchers to present their results with a focus on basic, translational and clinical investigations associated with ...read more
Deep learning in Single Cell Analysis
The field of biology is undergoing a revolution in our ability to study individual cells at the molecular level, and to integrate data from multiple sources and modalities. This has been made possible by advances in technologies for single-cell sequencing, multi-omics profiling, spatial transcriptomics, and high-throughput imaging, as well as ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Effect of Fasting Ramadan in Diabetes Control Status - Application of Extensive Diabetes Education, Serum Creatinine with HbA1c Statistical ANOVA and Regression Models to Prevent Hypoglycemia
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Antioxidants in the Treatment of Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Hydrogen Sulfide in Diabetic Complications: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Adverse Reactions Induced by Minocycline: A Review of Literature
Current Drug Safety Membrane Permeable Lipophilic Cations as Mitochondrial Directing Groups
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Glucose and LDL Lowering: The Need for Intensive Therapy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Hypertension to Heart Failure: New Developmental Strategies do not Cross a Clinical and Therapeutic Divide
Current Pharmaceutical Design Dyslipidemia Treatment and Cardiovascular Disease in the Renal Patient
Current Pharmaceutical Design Clinically Significant Proteinuria Following the Administration of Sirolimus to Renal Transplant Recipients
Drug Metabolism Letters Strategies to Avoid TAVI-related Acute Kidney Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gold Nanoparticles - Synthesis and Applications in Cancer Management
Recent Patents on Materials Science New Advances in Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System – the Role of Direct Renin Inhibition
Current Hypertension Reviews Intracellular Signaling of the Aging Suppressor Protein Klotho
Current Molecular Medicine Insights into the Regulation of Renal Hemodynamic Function in Diabetic Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: A Focus on Primary Care
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets PPARγ Agonists: Beneficial Effect on Blood Pressure Beyond Glycemic Control?
Current Hypertension Reviews Contrast-induced Nephropathy in Extra-cardiac Vascular Procedures – A Call to Action
Current Vascular Pharmacology Protein Degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Organ Fibrosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin: A Citrus Flavonoid of Pharmaceutical Promise
Current Pharmaceutical Design Rheumatological Manifestations in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews