Abstract
Cytokines are critical mediators of protective host responses, including defense against microbial invasion and tumorigenesis. However, the production of specific proinflammatory cytokines must be tightly regulated and compartmentalized to prevent the overzealous expression of these molecules that can culminate in unabated inflammation and tissue injury. Cytokine production and/or biologic effects can be inhibited by a variety of endogenous molecules, including anti-inflammatory cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, and receptor antagonist proteins. Additionally, synthetic molecules have been constructed to selectively block the synthesis, post-translation processing, or receptor binding of proinflammatory cytokines. Relevant anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors (both endogenous and synthetic) will be the subject of this review, with a particular emphasis on those anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors that have been used experimentally or clinically in the treatment of diseases that are believed to be mediated by excessive proinflammatory cytokine responses.
Keywords: Antiinflammatory Cytokines, Antagonists, Microbial Invasion, tumorigenesis, receptor, proteins, endogenous synthetic, Regulation, Sepsis syndrome, rhematoid arthritis RA, Interleukin 4 IL4, autoimmune disease, Proinflammatory, Necrosis Factor, Pathogenesis, Blockade, Chemokines, Transcriptional factor Inhibitors
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Cytokine Antagonists
Volume: 6 Issue: 6
Author(s): Theodore J. Standiford
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antiinflammatory Cytokines, Antagonists, Microbial Invasion, tumorigenesis, receptor, proteins, endogenous synthetic, Regulation, Sepsis syndrome, rhematoid arthritis RA, Interleukin 4 IL4, autoimmune disease, Proinflammatory, Necrosis Factor, Pathogenesis, Blockade, Chemokines, Transcriptional factor Inhibitors
Abstract: Cytokines are critical mediators of protective host responses, including defense against microbial invasion and tumorigenesis. However, the production of specific proinflammatory cytokines must be tightly regulated and compartmentalized to prevent the overzealous expression of these molecules that can culminate in unabated inflammation and tissue injury. Cytokine production and/or biologic effects can be inhibited by a variety of endogenous molecules, including anti-inflammatory cytokines, soluble cytokine receptors, and receptor antagonist proteins. Additionally, synthetic molecules have been constructed to selectively block the synthesis, post-translation processing, or receptor binding of proinflammatory cytokines. Relevant anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors (both endogenous and synthetic) will be the subject of this review, with a particular emphasis on those anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors that have been used experimentally or clinically in the treatment of diseases that are believed to be mediated by excessive proinflammatory cytokine responses.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Standiford J. Theodore, Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Cytokine Antagonists, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2000; 6 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612003400533
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612003400533 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Anti-Allergic Action of Glucocorticoids: Comparison with Immunosuppressive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Current Perspectives on Cytokines for Anti-retroviral Therapy in AIDS Related B-cell Lymphomas
Current Drug Targets - Infectious Disorders Cardiovascular Diseases and the Nitric Oxide Pathway
Current Vascular Pharmacology UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-N-Acetylglucosamine Deacetylase (LpxC) Inhibitors: A New Class of Antibacterial Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) Lyases: Structure, Function and Application in Therapeutics
Current Protein & Peptide Science Invasive Aspergillosis: New Insights into Disease, Diagnostic and Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery System to Overcome the Limitations of Conventional Curcumin in the Treatment of Various Cancers: A Review
Drug Delivery Letters Therapies Targeting Innate Immunity for Fighting Inflammation in Atherosclerosis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Activation of Integrin β1 Mediates the Increased Malignant Potential of Ovarian Cancer Cells Exerted by Inflammatory Cytokines
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry SARS-CoV-2 & Covid-19: Key-Roles of the ‘Renin-Angiotensin’ System / Vitamin D Impacting Drug and Vaccine Developments
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Cardiac and Renal Nitric Oxide in the Adaptation to Hypovolemic Shock
Current Enzyme Inhibition Anti-inflammatory Effects of First-line Anti-arthritic Drugs on T-cell Activation
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Fundamental, Electron Transfer Mechanism by Pyrylium-Type Ions for the Anticancer Drugs 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-Acetic Acid (DMXAA) and Flavone-8-Acetic Acid (FAA)
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Liver Cancer Stem Cells as an Important Target in Liver Cancer Therapies
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Promise of Slow Down Ageing May Come from Curcumin
Current Pharmaceutical Design Immune Checkpoint Regulators: A New Era Toward Promising Cancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Utilising Nanotechnology and Nanosystems for Treatment of Rare Diseases
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Stem Cell Transplant and Idiotypic Vaccination for B-Cell Malignancies
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Neuroglial Roots of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Therapeutic Potential of Palmitoylethanolamide in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets