Abstract
In order to accomplish its contribution to the digestive process, the gallbladder must contract appropriately during its emptying phases and it must be able to relax adequately for filling to occur. A variety of neuro-hormonal inputs to gallbladder smooth muscle coordinate the gallbladder emptying process with other events occurring in the bowel. Gallbladder dysmotility can disrupt the normal flow of bile to the small bowel, resulting in digestive dysfunction. In addition to this, alterations in gallbladder motility may play a role in pathological conditions, such as cholesterol gallstone formation and cholecystitis. It is still not entirely clear whether impaired gallbladder emptying is a cause or consequence of cholesterol gallstones, but recent experimental evidences demonstrate that cholesterol can directly affect the plasma membrane of gallbladder smooth muscle cells to cause impaired contraction. In addition, gallbladder emptying is impaired in acute gallbladder inflammation, probably as the result of the deleterious neural and muscular actions of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins and histamine. It should also be noted that opiate treatments in critically ill patients can reduce gallbladder motility by inhibiting neurotransmitter release, and may contribute to the onset of acalculous cholecystitis, which is associated with significant morbidity in these patients.
Keywords: cholesterol, gallstones, inflammation, cholecystitis, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, opioids
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Chemical Mediators of Gallbladder Dysmotility
Volume: 11 Issue: 13
Author(s): M. J. Pozo, P. J. Camello and G. M. Mawe
Affiliation:
Keywords: cholesterol, gallstones, inflammation, cholecystitis, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, opioids
Abstract: In order to accomplish its contribution to the digestive process, the gallbladder must contract appropriately during its emptying phases and it must be able to relax adequately for filling to occur. A variety of neuro-hormonal inputs to gallbladder smooth muscle coordinate the gallbladder emptying process with other events occurring in the bowel. Gallbladder dysmotility can disrupt the normal flow of bile to the small bowel, resulting in digestive dysfunction. In addition to this, alterations in gallbladder motility may play a role in pathological conditions, such as cholesterol gallstone formation and cholecystitis. It is still not entirely clear whether impaired gallbladder emptying is a cause or consequence of cholesterol gallstones, but recent experimental evidences demonstrate that cholesterol can directly affect the plasma membrane of gallbladder smooth muscle cells to cause impaired contraction. In addition, gallbladder emptying is impaired in acute gallbladder inflammation, probably as the result of the deleterious neural and muscular actions of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins and histamine. It should also be noted that opiate treatments in critically ill patients can reduce gallbladder motility by inhibiting neurotransmitter release, and may contribute to the onset of acalculous cholecystitis, which is associated with significant morbidity in these patients.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Pozo J. M., Camello J. P. and Mawe M. G., Chemical Mediators of Gallbladder Dysmotility, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 11 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364955
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043364955 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Nutrition and Nutraceuticals in Neuroinflammatory and Brain Metabolic Stress: Implications for Neurodegenerative Disorders
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Regulation Role of Ferroptosis Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Drugs and Noncoding RNAs
Current Medicinal Chemistry Antidiabetic and Renoprotective Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of <i>Mimosa pudica</i> Linn. Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Current Bioactive Compounds Spinal Cord Injury Changes Cytokine Transport
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Current Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Chronic Low Back Pain: Current Pharmacotherapeutic Therapies and a New Biological Approach
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Therapeutic Role of Taurine in Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design miRNAs in Cancer Prevention and Treatment and as Molecular Targets for Natural Product Anticancer Agents
Current Cancer Drug Targets Prodrugs of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): A Long March Towards Synthesis of Safer NSAIDs
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Biological Relevance of DNA Polymerase Beta and Translesion Synthesis Polymerases to Cancer and its Treatment
Current Molecular Pharmacology Anti-inflammatory and Hypolipidemic Effect of Novel Conjugates with Trolox and Other Antioxidant Acids
Medicinal Chemistry Toxicology of Tributyltin in Mammalian Animal Models
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Oncolytic Viruses: The Best is Yet to Come
Current Cancer Drug Targets Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery High Mobility Group Box Protein-1 in HIV-1 Infection: Connecting Microbial Translocation, Cell Death and Immune Activation
Current HIV Research Newer Avenues for the Treatment of Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's Diseases: Central Role of Cytokines
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Antitumoral Mode of Action of Imiquimod and Other Imidazoquinolines
Current Medicinal Chemistry Meta-Analysis of Anticancer Drug Structures - Significance of Their Polar Allylic Moieties
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Potential Anti-Catabolic and Anabolic Properties of Strontium Ranelate
Current Molecular Pharmacology