Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Nanomaterials

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2405-4615
ISSN (Online): 2405-4623

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Green Capping Agents and Digestive Ripening for Size Control of Magnetite for Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia

Author(s): Heba Kahil, Ismail Abd El-Rahim Ali and Hadir Ebraheem*

Volume 9, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 01 November, 2023

Page: [239 - 251] Pages: 13

DOI: 10.2174/2405461508666230606124615

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Magnetite is the most recognized iron oxide candidate used for various biological applications.

Objective: This work is a complete study that addresses the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and investigates the feasibility of using green tea and ascorbic acid as capping agents.

Methods: Synthesis of magnetite by two wet chemical methods namely: coprecipitation and solvothermal methods. The samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).

Results: The results reveal the impact of coating on the size and morphology of the particles. The study also proves that autoclaving the samples prepared by coprecipitation results in smaller particle size and narrower size distribution due to digestive ripening. In addition, a novel and facile methodology for coating magnetite with polyethylene glycol is presented. The potential of the particles to be used for magnetic fluid hyperthermia is assessed by measuring the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the samples.

Conclusion: The results show that all the prepared magnetite samples showed a promising capacity to be used as magnetic fluid hyperthermia agents.

Keywords: Magnetite, green capping agents, green tea, ascorbic acid, digestive ripening, magnetic fluid hyperthermia.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Majetich SA. Magnetic Nanoparticles and Their Applications Nanostructured Materials: Processing. (2nd ed.). Properties, and Applications 2007; pp. 439-85.
[2]
Karade VC, Waifalkar PP, Dongle TD, et al. Greener synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using green tea extract and their magnetic properties. Mater Res Express 2017; 4(9): 096102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aa892f]
[3]
Kim DH, Lee SH, Im KH, et al. Surface-modified magnetite nanoparticles for hyperthermia: Preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies. Curr Appl Phys 2006; 6(1): e242-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2006.01.048]
[4]
Dobson, Yiu HH, Dobson J. Magnetic nanoparticles for gene and drug delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2008; 3(2): 169-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S1608] [PMID: 18686777]
[5]
Gamal AALR, El-Sayed ESM, El-Hamoly T, Kahil H. Development and bioevaluation of controlled release 5-aminoisoquinoline nanocomposite: A synergistic anticancer activity against human colon cancer. AIMS Biophys 2022; 9(1): 21-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2022003]
[6]
Stephen ZR, Forrest MK, Miqin Z. Magnetite nanoparticles for medical MR imaging. Mater Today (Kidlington) 2011; 14(7-8): 330-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70163-8] [PMID: 22389583]
[7]
El Ghandoor H, Zidan H, Khalil MMH, Ismail MIM. Synthesis and some physical properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. Int J Electrochem Sci 2012; 7: 5734-45.
[8]
Pankhurst QA, Connolly J, Jones SK, Dobson J. Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D Appl Phys 2003; 36(13): R167-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/201]
[9]
Cornell RM, Schwertmann U. 2003.
[10]
Rowan AD, Patterson CH, Gasparov LV. Hybrid density functional theory applied to magnetite: Crystal structure, charge order, and phonons. Phys Rev B Condens Matter Mater Phys 2009; 79(20): 205103.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.79.205103]
[11]
Shokrollahi H. A review of the magnetic properties, synthesis methods and applications of maghemite. J Magn Magn Mater 2017; 426: 74-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.11.033]
[12]
Bødker F, Hansen MF, Koch CB, Lefmann K, Mørup S. Magnetic properties of hematite nanoparticles. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 2000; 61(10): 6826-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.61.6826]
[13]
Kahil H, Faramawy A, El-Sayed H, Abdel-Sattar A. Magnetic properties and SAR for gadolinium-doped iron oxide nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method. Crystals (Basel) 2021; 11(10): 1153.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101153]
[14]
Sachdev S, Maugi R, Kirk C, Zhou Z, Christie SDR, Platt M. Synthesis and assembly of gold and iron oxide particles within an emulsion droplet; facile production of core@shell particles. Colloid Interface Sci Commun 2017; 16: 14-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2016.12.005]
[15]
Sinha MK, Sahu SK, Meshram P, Prasad LB, Pandey BD. Low temperature hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of iron oxide powders of diverse morphologies from spent pickle liquor. Powder Technol 2015; 276: 214-21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2015.02.006]
[16]
Mascolo M, Pei Y, Ring T. Room temperature co-precipitation synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles in a large pH window with different bases. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6(12): 5549-67.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma6125549] [PMID: 28788408]
[17]
Gatelyte A, Jasaitis D, Beganskiene A, Kareiva A. Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of selected transition metal nano-ferrites. Medziagotyra 2011; 17(3): 302-7.
[18]
Sahoo SK, Agarwal K, Singh AK, Polke BG, Raha KC. Characterisation of γ- and α-Fe2O3 nano powders synthesised by emulsion precipitation-calcination route and rheological behavior of α-Fe2O3. Int J Eng Sci Technol 2010; 2(8): 118-26.
[19]
Jian P, Yahui H, Yang W, Linlin L. Preparation of polysulfone–Fe3O4 composite ultrafiltration membrane and its behavior in magnetic field. J Membr Sci 2006; 284(1-2): 9-16.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.07.052]
[20]
Hou Y, Kondoh H, Shimojo M, et al. Inorganic nanocrystal self-assembly via the inclusion interaction of β-cyclodextrins: Toward 3D spherical magnetite. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109(11): 4845-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0476646] [PMID: 16863138]
[21]
Mondal K, Lorethova H, Hippo E, Wiltowski T, Lalvani SB. Reduction of iron oxide in carbon monoxide atmosphere—reaction controlled kinetics. Fuel Process Technol 2004; 86(1): 33-47.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.12.009]
[22]
Cain JL, Harrison SR, Nikles JA, Nikles DE. Preparation of α-Fe particles by reduction of ferrous ion in lecithin/cyclohexane/water association colloids. J Magn Magn Mater 1996; 155(1-3): 67-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(95)00656-7]
[23]
Yeap SP, Ahmad AL, Ooi BS, Lim J. Electrosteric stabilization and its role in cooperative magnetophoresis of colloidal magnetic nanoparticles. Langmuir 2012; 28(42): 14878-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la303169g] [PMID: 23025323]
[24]
Sarathy V, Tratnyek PG, Nurmi JT, et al. Aging of iron nanoparticles in aqueous solution: Effects on structure and reactivity. J Phys Chem C 2008; 112(7): 2286-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0777418]
[25]
Faraji M, Yamini Y, Rezaee M. Magnetic nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, functionalization, characterization, and applications. J Indian Chem Soc 2010; 7(1): 1-37.
[26]
Nadagouda MN, Castle AB, Murdock RC, Hussain SM, Varma RS. In vitro biocompatibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI) synthesized using tea polyphenols. Green Chem 2010; 12(1): 114-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/B921203P]
[27]
Kahil H, El-Sayed HM, ElSayed EM, Sallam AM, Talaat M, Sattar AA. Effect of in vitro magnetic fluid hyperthermia using citrate coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles on tumor cell death. Rom J Biophys 2015; 25(3): 209-24.
[28]
Dheyab MA, Aziz AA, Jameel MS, Abu Noqta O, Mehrdel B. Synthesis and coating methods of biocompatible iron oxide/gold nanoparticle and nanocomposite for biomedical applications. Zhongguo Wuli Xuekan 2019; 36: 305-25.
[29]
Akl MA, Atta YM, Yousef AM, Alaa MI. Characterization of stabilized porous magnetite core–shell nanogel composites based on crosslinked acrylamide/sodium acrylate copolymers. Polym Int 2013; 62(12): 1667-77.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4464]
[30]
Xiao L, Mertens M, Wortmann L, et al. Enhanced in vitro and in vivo cellular imaging with green tea coated water-soluble iron oxide nanocrystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7(12): 6530-40.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am508404t] [PMID: 25729881]
[31]
Huang L, Weng X, Chen Z, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by various tea extracts: Comparative study of the reactivity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2014; 130: 295-301.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.037] [PMID: 24793479]
[32]
Loo YY, Chieng BW, Nishibuchi M, Radu S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using tea leaf extract from Camellia sinensis. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7: 4263-7.
[PMID: 22904632]
[33]
Sharma RK, Gulati S, Mehta S. Preparation of gold nanoparticles using tea: A green chemistry experiment. J Chem Educ 2012; 89(10): 1316-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed2002175]
[34]
Nadagouda MN, Varma RS. Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles at room temperature using coffee and tea extract. Green Chem 2008; 10(8): 859-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b804703k]
[35]
Pardoe H, Chua-anusorn W, St. Pierre TG, Dobson J. Structural and magnetic properties of nanoscale iron oxide particles synthesized in the presence of dextran or polyvinyl alcohol. J Magn Magn Mater 2001; 225: 41-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-8853(00)01226-9]
[36]
Sahoo Y, Goodarzi A, Swihart MT, et al. Aqueous ferrofluid of magnetite nanoparticles: Fluorescence labeling and magnetophoretic control. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109(9): 3879-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp045402y] [PMID: 16851439]
[37]
Dheyab MA, Aziz AA, Jameel MS, Noqta OA, Khaniabadi PM, Mehrdel B. Simple rapid stabilization method through citric acid modification for magnetite nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1): 10793.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67869-8] [PMID: 32612098]
[38]
Hilger I. In vivo applications of magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29(8): 828-34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02656736.2013.832815] [PMID: 24219800]
[39]
Wildeboer RR, Southern P, Pankhurst QA. On the reliable measurement of specific absorption rates and intrinsic loss parameters in magnetic hyperthermia materials. J Phys D Appl Phys 2014; 47(49): 495003.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/49/495003]
[40]
Cortajarena AL, Ortega D, Ocampo SM, et al. Engineering iron oxide nanoparticles for clinical settings. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2014; 1: 2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/58841] [PMID: 30023013]
[41]
Kahil H, El-Sayed HM. Assessment of AC losses in cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using a varying frequency induction heater. IOSR J Appl Phys 2015; 7(3): 37-43.
[42]
Vinila VS, Isac J. Synthesis and structural studies of superconducting perovskite GdBa2Ca3Cu4O105+δ nanosystems. Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanomaterials Micro and Nano Technologies 2022; pp. 319-41.
[43]
Liu X, Kaminski MD, Guan Y, Chen H, Liu H, Rosengart AJ. Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic superparamagnetic magnetite gel. J Magn Magn Mater 2006; 306(2): 248-53.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.03.049]
[44]
Grau-Crespo R, Al-Baitai AY, Saadoune I, De Leeuw NH. Vacancy ordering and electronic structure of γ - Fe2O3 (maghemite): A theoretical investigation. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22(25): 255401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/25/255401] [PMID: 21393797]
[45]
Lutteroti L. 1997. Available from: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enas_sdt=0,5cluster=12917457601926802736
[46]
Fiorani D, Testa AM, Lucari F, D’Orazio F, Romero H. Magnetic properties of maghemite nanoparticle systems: Surface anisotropy and interparticle interaction effects. Physica B 2002; 320(1-4): 122-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00659-2]
[47]
Banerjee I, Pangule RC, Kane RS. Antifouling coatings: Recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms. Adv Mater 2011; 23(6): 690-718.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001215] [PMID: 20886559]
[48]
Barz M, Luxenhofer R, Zentel R, Vicent MJ. Overcoming the PEG-addiction: Well-defined alternatives to PEG, from structure–property relationships to better defined therapeutics. Polym Chem 2011; 2(9): 1900-18.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0py00406e]
[49]
Shameli K, Bin Ahmad M, Jazayeri SD, et al. Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene glycol mediated silver nanoparticles by the green method. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13(6): 6639-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms13066639] [PMID: 22837654]
[50]
Wang N, Hsu C, Zhu L, Tseng S, Hsu JP. Influence of metal oxide nanoparticles concentration on their zeta potential. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 407: 22-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2013.05.058] [PMID: 23838331]
[51]
Gottimukkala KSV, Harika RP, Deeveka Z. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using green tea leaves extract. J Nanomed Biother Discov 2017; 7: 151.
[52]
Cao G, Wang Y. 2011.
[53]
Shimpi JR, Sidhaye DS, Prasad BLV. Digestive ripening: A fine chemical machining process on the nanoscale. Langmuir 2017; 33(38): 9491-507.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00193] [PMID: 28562058]
[54]
Sahu P, Prasad BLV. Effect of digestive ripening agent on nanoparticle size in the digestive ripening process. Chem Phys Lett 2012; 525-526: 101-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2011.12.078]
[55]
Lee D, Park S, Lee J, Hwang N. A theoretical model for digestive ripening. Acta Mater 2007; 55(15): 5281-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.048]
[56]
Sahu P, Prasad BLV. Time and temperature effects on the digestive ripening of gold nanoparticles: Is there a crossover from digestive ripening to Ostwald ripening? Langmuir 2014; 30(34): 10143-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la500914j] [PMID: 25111614]
[57]
Baumgartner J, Dey A, Bomans PHH, et al. Nucleation and growth of magnetite from solution. Nat Mater 2013; 12(4): 310-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat3558] [PMID: 23377292]
[58]
Manzanares JA, Peljo P, Girault HH. Understanding digestive ripening of ligand-stabilized, charged metal nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 2017; 121(24): 13405-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04234]
[59]
Lambert JD, Elias RJ. The antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities of green tea polyphenols: A role in cancer prevention. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 501(1): 65-72.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.013] [PMID: 20558130]
[60]
Givord D. Magnetism in nanomaterialsNanomaterials and Nanochemistry. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2008.
[61]
El-Sayed HM, Ali IA, Azzam A, Sattar AA. Influence of the magnetic dead layer thickness of Mg-Zn ferrites nanoparticle on their magnetic properties. J Magn Magn Mater 2017; 424: 226-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2016.10.049]
[62]
Daoush WM. Co-precipitation and magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles for potential biomedical applications. J Nanomed Res 2017; 5(3): 00118.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnmr.2017.05.00118]
[63]
Mathew DS, Juang R-S. An overview of the structure and magnetism of spinel ferrite nanoparticles and their synthesis in microemulsions. Chem Eng J 2007; 129(1-3): 51-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.11.001]
[64]
Salazar-Alvarez G, Qin J, Šepelák V, et al. Cubic versus spherical magnetic nanoparticles: The role of surface anisotropy. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130(40): 13234-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0768744] [PMID: 18783216]
[65]
Globus A, Duplex P, Guyot M. Determination of initial magnetization curve from crystallites size and effective anisotropy field. IEEE Trans Magn 1971; 7(3): 617-22.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.1971.1067200]
[66]
Jun Y, Seo J, Cheon J. Nanoscaling laws of magnetic nanoparticles and their applicabilities in biomedical sciences. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41(2): 179-89.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar700121f] [PMID: 18281944]
[67]
Zeng Q, Baker I, McCreary V, Yan Z. Soft ferromagnetism in nanostructured mechanical alloying FeCo-based powders. J Magnet Magnetic Mater 2007; 318(1-2): 28-38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.037]
[68]
Zhu Y, Zhao W, Chen H, Shi J. A simple one-pot self-assembly route to nanoporous and monodispersed Fe3O4 particles with oriented attachment structure and magnetic property. J Phys Chem C 2007; 111(14): 5281-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0676843]
[69]
Vallejo-Fernandez G, Whear O, Roca AG, et al. Mechanisms of hyperthermia in magnetic nanoparticles. J Phys D Appl Phys 2013; 46(31): 312001.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/46/31/312001]
[70]
Lu AH, Salabas EL, Schüth F. Magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, protection, functionalization, and application. Angew Chem Int Ed 2007; 46(8): 1222-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200602866] [PMID: 17278160]
[71]
Kalita VM, Tovstolytkin AI, Ryabchenko SM, Yelenich OV, Solopan SO, Belous AG. Mechanisms of AC losses in magnetic fluids based on substituted manganites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17(27): 18087-97.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5CP02822A] [PMID: 26100102]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
10
1
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy