Review Article

自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病的基因治疗方法:多发性硬化症

卷 19, 期 6, 2019

页: [376 - 385] 页: 10

弟呕挨: 10.2174/1566523220666200306092556

价格: $65

摘要

多发性硬化症(MS)是中枢神经系统(CNS)最常见的自身免疫性脱髓鞘疾病。它是一种多因素疾病,在遗传和环境因素的影响下以免疫介导的方式发展。在MS患者中,在大脑和脊髓中观察到脱髓鞘导致神经轴突损伤。由于不同免疫细胞(例如T细胞,B细胞,单核细胞和巨噬细胞)的浸润,在MS中观察到局灶性病变。目前可用的治疗MS的药物主要基于两种策略。 i)缓解特定症状或ii)减少疾病进展。然而,由于血脑屏障的保护功能,这些药物倾向于以有限的治疗效果诱导不同的不良反应。因此,在过去的四十年中,研究人员一直致力于通过引入基因治疗方法来发现更好的解决方案,这些方法通常通过以下三种策略来治疗MS:i)预防特定症状,ii)阻止或逆转疾病进展,iii)通过以下方法治愈CNS损伤促进髓鞘再生和轴突修复。在过去的二十年中,在MS的实验小鼠模型-实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)上,基因治疗方法取得了令人瞩目的成功,这表明基因治疗方法将在确保最高水平的人类受试者中启动并不遥远安全性和有效性。在这篇综述中,我们总结了在不同动物模型中尝试用于治疗MS的基因治疗方法。

关键词: 基因治疗,多发性硬化症,自身免疫性疾病,自身免疫性,脱髓鞘,实验性自身免疫性脑炎,神经变性。

图形摘要
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