Abstract
Heptahelical receptors are coupled to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) which transduce most signals through their α and βγ subunits to effectors, enzymes and ion channels. Of the 367 heptahelical receptors for endogenous ligands, about 330 are potential targets for drug discovery with agonist, antagonist or inverse agonist properties. The term G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a broader functional definition rather than a structural one referring to heptahelical receptors specifically. Non-heptahelical putative GPCRs include some transmembrane receptors with tyrosine-kinase activity on their cytosolic endings (EGF, insulin and IGF-1 receptors), other transmembrane receptors (mannose-6-phosphate/IGF-2 receptor and integrin-associated protein IAP or CD47), and some receptors belonging to the class of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and located on the outer face of the plasma membrane. Also, activators of G-protein signaling (AGS) proteins that regulate vesicular trafficking activate heterotrimeric G-proteins in the Golgi independently of receptor activation. Main effectors activated through their direct interactions with α subunits or βγ dimers of heterotrimeric G-proteins include adenylylcyclases, cGMPphosphodiesterase, phospholipases Cβ, phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ, CaV2 calcium channels, GIRK/Kir3 potassium channels, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors RasGEF and RhoGEF leading to small G-proteins and MAP-kinases activation. Current signaling cascades leading to final cell responses are depicted.
Keywords: GPCR, heptahelical receptor, transduction, signaling
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Heptahelical and Other G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Signaling
Volume: 13 Issue: 1
Author(s): Y. Landry, N. Niederhoffer, E. Sick and J. P. Gies
Affiliation:
Keywords: GPCR, heptahelical receptor, transduction, signaling
Abstract: Heptahelical receptors are coupled to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) which transduce most signals through their α and βγ subunits to effectors, enzymes and ion channels. Of the 367 heptahelical receptors for endogenous ligands, about 330 are potential targets for drug discovery with agonist, antagonist or inverse agonist properties. The term G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a broader functional definition rather than a structural one referring to heptahelical receptors specifically. Non-heptahelical putative GPCRs include some transmembrane receptors with tyrosine-kinase activity on their cytosolic endings (EGF, insulin and IGF-1 receptors), other transmembrane receptors (mannose-6-phosphate/IGF-2 receptor and integrin-associated protein IAP or CD47), and some receptors belonging to the class of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins and located on the outer face of the plasma membrane. Also, activators of G-protein signaling (AGS) proteins that regulate vesicular trafficking activate heterotrimeric G-proteins in the Golgi independently of receptor activation. Main effectors activated through their direct interactions with α subunits or βγ dimers of heterotrimeric G-proteins include adenylylcyclases, cGMPphosphodiesterase, phospholipases Cβ, phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ, CaV2 calcium channels, GIRK/Kir3 potassium channels, and guanine nucleotide exchange factors RasGEF and RhoGEF leading to small G-proteins and MAP-kinases activation. Current signaling cascades leading to final cell responses are depicted.
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Landry Y., Niederhoffer N., Sick E. and Gies P. J., Heptahelical and Other G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) Signaling, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2006; 13 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706775197953
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986706775197953 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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