Abstract
A new, simple and fast automatic spectrophotometric flow injection (FI) method to determine glucosamine in dietary supplements has been developed and compared against a batch method, both based on the same reaction: “Schiffs base” formation as a result of the reaction between ninhydrin and glucosamine. Temperature and flow-rate were the main parameters to optimize the FI method because the reaction kinetic is slow. With the optimized flow-rate and temperature (0.8 ml min-1 flow-rate and 75 °C), the complex was measured in less than three minutes. By the batch method, 30 min of reaction, 20 min for a cooling step and 92.5 °C to measure the complex were needed. The sensitivity of the FI method was much lower than that of the batch method but the linear range was longer: for the FI method was from 0.3-% to 1-%; and for the batch method from 0.01-% to 0.04-%. The FI method allowed a throughput of 24 h-1 with a precision of 1.0-% for repeatability and of 3.5-% for reproducibility. The batch method had a repeatability of 2.1-% and a reproducibility of 4.1- %. The proposed method allowed an on-line determination with a very little human intervention and can be used in routine analysis laboratory. With this method the analysis time decreased 20 times with respect to the batch method demonstrating that the flow methods can be used in slow kinetic reactions improving also the precision.
Keywords: Dietary supplements, Flow Injection, Glucosamine, Ruhemmann complex, Spectrophotometry, Schiff's base, Reproducibility, Repeatability, Precision, Kinetic reactions
Current Analytical Chemistry
Title: A Comparative Study Between a Flow Injection Method and a Batch Method to Determine Glucosamine in Dietary Supplements
Volume: 7 Issue: 4
Author(s): Borja-Isunza Lorena and Canizares-Macias M. Pilar
Affiliation:
Keywords: Dietary supplements, Flow Injection, Glucosamine, Ruhemmann complex, Spectrophotometry, Schiff's base, Reproducibility, Repeatability, Precision, Kinetic reactions
Abstract: A new, simple and fast automatic spectrophotometric flow injection (FI) method to determine glucosamine in dietary supplements has been developed and compared against a batch method, both based on the same reaction: “Schiffs base” formation as a result of the reaction between ninhydrin and glucosamine. Temperature and flow-rate were the main parameters to optimize the FI method because the reaction kinetic is slow. With the optimized flow-rate and temperature (0.8 ml min-1 flow-rate and 75 °C), the complex was measured in less than three minutes. By the batch method, 30 min of reaction, 20 min for a cooling step and 92.5 °C to measure the complex were needed. The sensitivity of the FI method was much lower than that of the batch method but the linear range was longer: for the FI method was from 0.3-% to 1-%; and for the batch method from 0.01-% to 0.04-%. The FI method allowed a throughput of 24 h-1 with a precision of 1.0-% for repeatability and of 3.5-% for reproducibility. The batch method had a repeatability of 2.1-% and a reproducibility of 4.1- %. The proposed method allowed an on-line determination with a very little human intervention and can be used in routine analysis laboratory. With this method the analysis time decreased 20 times with respect to the batch method demonstrating that the flow methods can be used in slow kinetic reactions improving also the precision.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lorena Borja-Isunza and M. Pilar Canizares-Macias, A Comparative Study Between a Flow Injection Method and a Batch Method to Determine Glucosamine in Dietary Supplements, Current Analytical Chemistry 2011; 7 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341111797183074
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341111797183074 |
Print ISSN 1573-4110 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6727 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in biomedicine, corrosion inhibition/monitoring, and lubrication of carbon dots
Carbon dots, a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have garnered substantial interest in various scientific and engineering fields due to their unique properties, including excellent optical properties, outstanding biocompatibility, easy preparation, good dispersity, ultrasmall size, low toxicity and environmental friendliness. This special issue of Current Analytical Chemistry aims to showcase cutting-edge ...read more
Advances in Microfluidic and Sensing Technologies of Biofluids.
Detection of biological fluids is an important means to assess human health and diagnose diseases. Currently, research on blood is relatively mature and widely applied in the medical field. With the development and advancement of microfluidic technology and novel detection methods, attention has turned to human physiological fluids such as ...read more
Analytical methods for environmental and food analysis
In recent years, the study of the chemical composition of food and the environment depends on analytical methods in order to acquire information about the chemical composition, processing, quality control and contamination of soil, water, air, plants and foods, aspects very important for food safety and environmental quality control. There ...read more
Applications of artificial intelligence in chemical analysis
Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its versatility in almost all scientific fields, especially analytical chemistry, which is leading the way in the integration of AI. According to Chemical Abstract Services, one of the major disciplines contributing to AI-related publications and patents is analytical chemistry. That?s because techniques such as deep ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Chalcone Derivatives: Anti-inflammatory Potential and Molecular Targets Perspectives
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Insights for Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders with Apoptosis, Autophagy, FoxO, and mTOR
Current Neurovascular Research Oxidative stress in carcinogenesis: new synthetic compounds with dual effects upon free radicals and cancer.
Current Medicinal Chemistry Cyclosporin A: A Therapeutic Strategy in Allergic Diseases
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery A Review on Recent Robotic and Analytic Technologies in High Throughput Screening and Synthesis for Drug Discovery
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Management of Complicated Pneumonia in Childhood: A Review of Recent Literature
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Direct Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy; Development of Natural Anti-Atherosclerotic Drugs Preventing Cellular Cholesterol Retention
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species in Arthritis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neural Mechanisms of Exercise: Effects on Gut Miccrobiota and Depression
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Interactions of Sex Steroids with Mechanisms of Inflammation
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy The CCL2/CCR2 Axis in the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection: A New Cellular Target for Therapy?
Current Drug Targets Progression of Alzheimer-type Neurofibrillary Tangles is Related to the Proximodistal Segments of the Hemispheric Arteries
Current Alzheimer Research Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and their Metabolites in Neural Development and Implications for Psychiatric Disorders
Current Psychopharmacology Natural Products as Promising Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Molecular Mechanism Aspect
Current Neuropharmacology Novel Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis in the “OMICS” Era
Current Medicinal Chemistry Immunopathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Therapeutic Models of Neuroprotection with Special Reference to Natural Products
Current Pharmaceutical Design PPARs as Drug Targets to Modulate Inflammatory Responses?
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy The Relationship Between Social Support, Social Constraint, and Psychological Adjustment for Patients with Rare Autoimmune Disease
Current Rheumatology Reviews Pharmacological Approaches to Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
Current Pharmaceutical Design Natural Marine Anti-inflammatory Products
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry