Abstract
The immune system recognizes and potentially eliminates tumors that express antigenic molecules. The theory of “cancer immunosurveillance”, describing lymphocytes as sentinels capable of recognizing nascent transformed cells and thus maintaining tissue homeostasis, has been proposed as far back as 50 years ago. The modern vision of immune responses against cancer is more complex because the immune system sculpts the immunogenic phenotype of developing tumors by not only facilitating their elimination, but also their progression in regards to the role of regulatory T cells and the subpopulation of natural killer T cells (NKT). Manipulation of adaptive immunity through therapeutic approaches is relevant to prevent metastasis and, in some cases, to treat primary tumors if the relevant antigens have been identified. Here we review the use of glycoconjugates containing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) in immunotherapy and their use as vaccines in clinical and pre-clinical trials. We also describe a new experimental vaccine model for the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) that involves designer TACA-containing glycopeptides with high affinity for class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Keywords: Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens, adaptive immunity, cytotoxic T cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Glycoconjugates As Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Trials and Future Directions
Volume: 8 Issue: 1
Author(s): Alssandra Franco
Affiliation:
Keywords: Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigens, adaptive immunity, cytotoxic T cells
Abstract: The immune system recognizes and potentially eliminates tumors that express antigenic molecules. The theory of “cancer immunosurveillance”, describing lymphocytes as sentinels capable of recognizing nascent transformed cells and thus maintaining tissue homeostasis, has been proposed as far back as 50 years ago. The modern vision of immune responses against cancer is more complex because the immune system sculpts the immunogenic phenotype of developing tumors by not only facilitating their elimination, but also their progression in regards to the role of regulatory T cells and the subpopulation of natural killer T cells (NKT). Manipulation of adaptive immunity through therapeutic approaches is relevant to prevent metastasis and, in some cases, to treat primary tumors if the relevant antigens have been identified. Here we review the use of glycoconjugates containing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACA) in immunotherapy and their use as vaccines in clinical and pre-clinical trials. We also describe a new experimental vaccine model for the generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL) that involves designer TACA-containing glycopeptides with high affinity for class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
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Cite this article as:
Franco Alssandra, Glycoconjugates As Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy: Clinical Trials and Future Directions, Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2008; 8 (1) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152008783330888
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152008783330888 |
Print ISSN 1871-5206 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5992 |
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