Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, the promotion of cell survival, cell cycle regulation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis and therefore plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, patient prognosis, and tumor treatment. Recent studies have identified this signaling pathway in breast cancer, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is therefore being considered as a new therapeutic target and a hotspot in breast cancer research. Pre-clinical studies have confirmed that PI3K inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors achieve anticancer effects by targeting different levels of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Among the PI3K inhibitors, some molecules target only PI3K, whereas others target both PI3K and mTOR. Currently, researchers tend to focus on molecular targets based on the different PI3K subtypes to achieve more targeted and specific inhibition of the PI3K pathway. However, the clinical efficacy and efficiency of these inhibitors need to be further studied. The mTOR inhibitors target mTORC1 and have become relatively well-developed targeted therapies for the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Rapamycin derivatives have been studied in Phase II / III clinical trials in breast cancer, and these derivatives achieved positive results in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer when combined with endocrine therapy or HER2-targeted therapies. This review summarizes the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, its role in breast cancer, and the latest clinical trials of a variety of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors to improve the understanding of the role of these drugs in breast cancer treatment.
Keywords: Breast cancer, mTOR inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, PI3K inhibitors.
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title:Current Status and Future Perspectives of PI3K and mTOR Inhibitor as Anticancer Drugs in Breast Cancer
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Xiaobei Zhang, Xi-ru Li and Jin Zhang
Affiliation:
Keywords: Breast cancer, mTOR inhibitors, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, PI3K inhibitors.
Abstract: The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of tumor cell apoptosis, the promotion of cell survival, cell cycle regulation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis and therefore plays an important role in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, patient prognosis, and tumor treatment. Recent studies have identified this signaling pathway in breast cancer, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is therefore being considered as a new therapeutic target and a hotspot in breast cancer research. Pre-clinical studies have confirmed that PI3K inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors achieve anticancer effects by targeting different levels of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Among the PI3K inhibitors, some molecules target only PI3K, whereas others target both PI3K and mTOR. Currently, researchers tend to focus on molecular targets based on the different PI3K subtypes to achieve more targeted and specific inhibition of the PI3K pathway. However, the clinical efficacy and efficiency of these inhibitors need to be further studied. The mTOR inhibitors target mTORC1 and have become relatively well-developed targeted therapies for the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Rapamycin derivatives have been studied in Phase II / III clinical trials in breast cancer, and these derivatives achieved positive results in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer when combined with endocrine therapy or HER2-targeted therapies. This review summarizes the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, its role in breast cancer, and the latest clinical trials of a variety of PI3K and mTOR inhibitors to improve the understanding of the role of these drugs in breast cancer treatment.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Zhang Xiaobei, Li Xi-ru and Zhang Jin, Current Status and Future Perspectives of PI3K and mTOR Inhibitor as Anticancer Drugs in Breast Cancer, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2013; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009611313020007
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568009611313020007 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 in Down's Syndrome Hippocampus During Development: Increased Expression in Astrocytes
Current Alzheimer Research Avian Cytokines - An Overview
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Pharmacological Perspectives and Therapeutic Potential of PPAR-γ Agonists
Current Pharmaceutical Design Remodelling of the Ca2+ Toolkit in Tumor Endothelium as a Crucial Responsible for the Resistance to Anticancer Therapies
Current Signal Transduction Therapy The Non-Canonical IκB Kinases IKKε and TBK1 as Potential Targets for the Development of Novel Therapeutic Drugs
Current Molecular Medicine Insights into the Targeting Potential of Thymoquinone for Therapeutic Intervention Against Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Current Drug Targets Follow the ATP: Tumor Energy Production: A Perspective
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Heat Shock Paradox and a New Role of Heat Shock Proteins and their Receptors as Anti-Inflammation Targets
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Reducing the Burden of Cervical Cancer in the Developing World
Current Women`s Health Reviews Recent Developments in the Mechanism of Anticancer Agents Based on Electron Transfer, Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Erucin Analogues as Potential Antitumor Compounds
Letters in Organic Chemistry Prognostic Impact of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Renaissance of the Biologically Active Vitamin A Derivatives: Established and Novel Directed Therapies for Cancer and Chemoprevention
Current Pharmaceutical Design Polymer-Drug Nanoconjugate – An Innovative Nanomedicine: Challenges and Recent Advancements in Rational Formulation Design for Effective Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs
Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Cytotoxicity and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Flavonoid Derivatives Targeting NF-kappaB
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Poxvirus Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery The Role of Mitochondria in Cancer Induction, Progression and Changes in Metabolism
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Engineered Polymer Nanoplatforms for Targeted Tumor Cells and Controlled Release Cargos to Enhance Cancer Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Tropical Lichen, Dirinaria consimilis Selectively Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells through the Regulation of p53 and Caspase-Cascade Pathway
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [ Hot Topic: Novel Targets for Cancer Therapy (Executive Editor: E. Bergmann-Leitner) ]
Current Pharmaceutical Design