Abstract
Given the vast number of chemicals that are released into the environment each year, it is imperative that we develop new predictive models to identify toxicants before unavoidable exposure harms the health of humans and other organisms. In vitro models are especially attractive in predictive toxicology as they can greatly reduce assay costs and animal usage while identifying those chemicals that may require further in vivo evaluation. With the derivation of both mouse and human embryonic stem cells, new opportunities have developed that could revolutionize the field of predictive toxicology. Stem cells themselves can be used to model the earliest stages of development, or they can be differentiated to study later aspects of development. Because embryos and fetuses are usually more sensitive to environmental toxicants than adults, stem cells provide an unique tool for studying the prenatal phase in our life cycle. The embryonic stem cell test (EST), which has been validated for use with mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC), is an accurate predictor of embryotoxic compounds, particularly those that are highly embryotoxic. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), although not yet incorporated into a validated test, are a particularly attractive platform for toxicological testing as they can give us direct information on humans and avoid concerns about species variation in response. This review discusses toxicological studies and strategies that have been used with embryonic stem cells during the past five years and possible directions that could lead to improvements in the development of predictive assays in the future.
Keywords: development of predictive assays, fetuses, toxicants, harm reduction cigarettes, cigarette smoke, embryonic stem cell test, drug testing, toxicological testing, predictive toxicology, embryonic stem cells, In vitro assays
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Can They Improve Human Health by Preventing Disease?
Volume: 11 Issue: 13
Author(s): Sabrina Lin and Prue Talbot
Affiliation:
Keywords: development of predictive assays, fetuses, toxicants, harm reduction cigarettes, cigarette smoke, embryonic stem cell test, drug testing, toxicological testing, predictive toxicology, embryonic stem cells, In vitro assays
Abstract: Given the vast number of chemicals that are released into the environment each year, it is imperative that we develop new predictive models to identify toxicants before unavoidable exposure harms the health of humans and other organisms. In vitro models are especially attractive in predictive toxicology as they can greatly reduce assay costs and animal usage while identifying those chemicals that may require further in vivo evaluation. With the derivation of both mouse and human embryonic stem cells, new opportunities have developed that could revolutionize the field of predictive toxicology. Stem cells themselves can be used to model the earliest stages of development, or they can be differentiated to study later aspects of development. Because embryos and fetuses are usually more sensitive to environmental toxicants than adults, stem cells provide an unique tool for studying the prenatal phase in our life cycle. The embryonic stem cell test (EST), which has been validated for use with mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC), is an accurate predictor of embryotoxic compounds, particularly those that are highly embryotoxic. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), although not yet incorporated into a validated test, are a particularly attractive platform for toxicological testing as they can give us direct information on humans and avoid concerns about species variation in response. This review discusses toxicological studies and strategies that have been used with embryonic stem cells during the past five years and possible directions that could lead to improvements in the development of predictive assays in the future.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lin Sabrina and Talbot Prue, Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Can They Improve Human Health by Preventing Disease?, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 11 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802611796117621
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156802611796117621 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
AlphaFold in Medicinal Chemistry: Opportunities and Challenges
AlphaFold, a groundbreaking AI tool for protein structure prediction, is revolutionizing drug discovery. Its near-atomic accuracy unlocks new avenues for designing targeted drugs and performing efficient virtual screening. However, AlphaFold's static predictions lack the dynamic nature of proteins, crucial for understanding drug action. This is especially true for multi-domain proteins, ...read more
Artificial intelligence for Natural Products Discovery and Development
Our approach involves using computational methods to predict the potential therapeutic benefits of natural products by considering factors such as drug structure, targets, and interactions. We also employ multitarget analysis to understand the role of drug targets in disease pathways. We advocate for the use of artificial intelligence in predicting ...read more
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Big Science for Small Cells: Systems Approaches for Platelets
Current Drug Targets Development and Engineering of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells: Clinical Implications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Glucocorticoid Excess Induces Accumulation of Cardiac Glycogen and Triglyceride: Suggested Role for AMPK
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Approaches in the Management of Septic Shock
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Chronic Diseases and COVID-19: A Review
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Apoptosis Induction by Thalidomide: Critical for Limb Teratogenicity but Therapeutic Potential in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis?
Current Molecular Pharmacology Role of Vitamins in Human Health and Nutrition: Sources and Morbidity
Current Nutrition & Food Science The Ryanodine Receptor: A Pivotal Ca2+ Regulatory Protein and Potential Therapeutic Drug Target
Current Drug Targets Adverse Effects of Statins - Mechanisms and Consequences
Current Drug Safety Adverse Drug Reaction Labelling for Atomoxetine, Methylphenidate and Modafinil: Comparison of Product Information for Oral Formulations in Australia, Denmark and the United States
Current Drug Safety Is Fast Food Addictive?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Arterial Hypertension and Kidney Circulation
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) A PHACES Syndrome Unmasked by Propranolol Interruption in a Tetralogy of Fallot Patient: Case Report and Extensive Review on New Indications of Beta Blockers
Current Medicinal Chemistry Guanylate Cyclase C: A Current Hot Target, from Physiology to Pathology
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Secondary Heart Field: Understanding Conotruncal Defects from a Developmental Perspective
Current Cardiology Reviews Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease The Coronary Arterial Circulation
Current Cardiology Reviews Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy and the Dilemma of Defining the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Current Pediatric Reviews Forms of Iron Binding in the Cells and the Chemical Features of Chelation Therapy
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry T Cell Replicative Senescence in Human Aging
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway as a Target for Anticancer Drug Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry