Abstract
Chemoprevention by dietary and pharmacological means provides a strategy for attenuating the health risks resulting from cigarette smoking and in particular from passive exposure to environmental cigarette smoke (ECS). We evaluated the ability of the glucocorticoid budesonide and of the natural agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) to affect DNA damage in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of CD – 1 mice exposed to ECS, starting within 12 h after birth and continuing until the end of the experiment. After weanling, based on a preliminary subchronic toxicity study, groups of mice received daily either budesonide (24 mg/kg diet) or PEITC (1,000 mg/kg diet). After 2 weeks of treatment, all mice were sacrificed and subjected to BAL, mainly recovering pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Evaluation of single-cell DNA strand breaks was made by using the alkaline – halo test, a modification of the comet assay. The analysis of 481 BAL cells yielded the following results (expressed as nuclear spread factor): (a) Sham-exposed mice: mean 0.84 (lower-upper 95% confidence intervals 0.74-0.94); (b) ECS-exposed mice: 2.77 (2.46-3.09); (c) ECS-exposed mice treated with PEITC: 1.15 (1.05-1.26); (d) ECS-exposed mice treated with budesonide: 1.37 (1.25-1.49). Thus, exposure to ECS resulted in a significant increase of DNA damage as compared with sham, and both PEITC and budesonide significantly attenuated this damage. In conclusion, the analysis of sentinel cells collected by BAL, a semi-invasive technique that is commonly used in humans for diagnostic purposes, showed that the investigated chemopreventive agents are able to revert the DNA damage produced by passive exposure to cigarette smoke.
Keywords: Budesonide, phenethyl isothiocyanate, environmental cigarette smoke, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, alkaline, –, halo test
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Title: Budesonide and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Attenuate DNA Damage in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells of Mice Exposed to Environmental Cigarette Smoke
Volume: 8 Issue: 8
Author(s): Rosanna T. Micale, Francesco D'Agostini, Vernon E. Steele, Sebastiano La Maestra and Silvio De Flora
Affiliation:
Keywords: Budesonide, phenethyl isothiocyanate, environmental cigarette smoke, bronchoalveolar lavage cells, alkaline, –, halo test
Abstract: Chemoprevention by dietary and pharmacological means provides a strategy for attenuating the health risks resulting from cigarette smoking and in particular from passive exposure to environmental cigarette smoke (ECS). We evaluated the ability of the glucocorticoid budesonide and of the natural agent phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) to affect DNA damage in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of CD – 1 mice exposed to ECS, starting within 12 h after birth and continuing until the end of the experiment. After weanling, based on a preliminary subchronic toxicity study, groups of mice received daily either budesonide (24 mg/kg diet) or PEITC (1,000 mg/kg diet). After 2 weeks of treatment, all mice were sacrificed and subjected to BAL, mainly recovering pulmonary alveolar macrophages. Evaluation of single-cell DNA strand breaks was made by using the alkaline – halo test, a modification of the comet assay. The analysis of 481 BAL cells yielded the following results (expressed as nuclear spread factor): (a) Sham-exposed mice: mean 0.84 (lower-upper 95% confidence intervals 0.74-0.94); (b) ECS-exposed mice: 2.77 (2.46-3.09); (c) ECS-exposed mice treated with PEITC: 1.15 (1.05-1.26); (d) ECS-exposed mice treated with budesonide: 1.37 (1.25-1.49). Thus, exposure to ECS resulted in a significant increase of DNA damage as compared with sham, and both PEITC and budesonide significantly attenuated this damage. In conclusion, the analysis of sentinel cells collected by BAL, a semi-invasive technique that is commonly used in humans for diagnostic purposes, showed that the investigated chemopreventive agents are able to revert the DNA damage produced by passive exposure to cigarette smoke.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Micale T. Rosanna, D'Agostini Francesco, Steele E. Vernon, Maestra La Sebastiano and De Flora Silvio, Budesonide and Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Attenuate DNA Damage in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cells of Mice Exposed to Environmental Cigarette Smoke, Current Cancer Drug Targets 2008; 8 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800908786733423
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156800908786733423 |
Print ISSN 1568-0096 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5576 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Cancer Biomarkers and Potential Drug Targets: From Diagnosis to Therapy
Cancer biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. They provide valuable information for cancer detection, risk assessment, treatment selection, and monitoring response to therapy. With advancements in molecular biology and high-throughput technologies, there has been an increasing interest in identifying and characterizing cancer biomarkers ...read more
Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Target Drug Resistant Tumors
With the development of disciplines such as chemical biology and molecular biology, the genes or proteins closely related to tumor occurrence and development have gradually become clear. Targeted therapies targeting these genes or proteins provide more effective methods for tumor treatment. Tumor targeted drugs generally only act on specific targets ...read more
ROLE OF IMMUNE AND GENOTOXIC RESPONSE BIOMARKERS IN TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Biological biomarkers have been used in medical research as an indicator of a normal or abnormal process inside the body, or of a disease. Nowadays, various researchers are in process to explore and investigate the biological markers for the early assessment of cancer. DNA Damage response (DDR) pathways and immune ...read more
Targeting the battlefield between host and tumor: basic research and clinical practice on reshaping tumor immune microenvironment
Immune system protects host against malignant tumors through effector cells and molecules. Cancer development and its response to therapy are regulated by inflammation, which either promotes or suppresses cancer progression. Chronic inflammation facilitates cancer progression and treatment resistance, whereas induction of acute inflammatory reactions often lead to anti-cancer immune responses. ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Laboratory Diagnosis and Therapy of Invasive Fungal Infections
Current Drug Targets Role of Unani Medicines in Cancer Control and Management
Current Drug Therapy Analysis of the Potential for HIV-1 Vpr as an Anti-Cancer Agent
Current HIV Research Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck in the Metastatic and Refractory Settings: Advances in Chemotherapy and the Emergence of Small Molecule Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors
Current Cancer Drug Targets Molecular Aspects of FKBP51 that Enable Melanoma Dissemination
Current Molecular Pharmacology Immunonutrition in Surgical Patients
Current Drug Targets A Combination of Two Antioxidants (An SOD Mimic and Ascorbate) Produces a Pro-Oxidative Effect Forcing Escherichia coli to Adapt Via Induction of oxyR Regulon
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Advances of Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Fumonisins; Potential Mycotoxins for Humans
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Endothelial Effects of Drugs Designed to Treat Erectile Dysfunction
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthesis, Photophysical and Photochemical Aspects of Phthalocyanines for Photodynamic Therapy
Current Organic Chemistry The RNA Binding Protein HuR: a Promising Drug Target for Anticancer Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Chemical and Medicinal Versatility of Dithiocarbamates: An Overview
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Probiotic Multistrain Treatment May Eradicate Helicobacter pylori from the Stomach of Dyspeptics: A Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Application of Natural Products in Cancer Therapy by Targeting Apoptosis Pathways
Current Drug Metabolism Selective Inhibitors of Zinc-Dependent Histone Deacetylases. Therapeutic Targets Relevant to Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Development of Epigenetics and Related Inhibitors for Targeted Drug Design in Cancer Therapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Polynuclear Ruthenium, Osmium and Gold Complexes. The Quest for Innovative Anticancer Chemotherapeutics
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial (Thematic Issue: Mechanistic Biomarkers: The Field for the Development of Non-Pharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Approaches to Diagnostics, Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Functional Poly(ε-caprolactone) Based Materials: Preparation, Self-assembly and Application in Drug Delivery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Conditionally Replicating Adenoviruses for Cancer Treatment
Current Cancer Drug Targets