Abstract
Neuroinflammatory processes appear to play a fundamental role in the pathology associated with a number of neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. In this respect, the immunocompetent brain microglia and peripheral macrophages release a host of proinflammatory cytokines that not only modulate immunological processes but also influence neuronal functioning and even survival. For instance, alterations of the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as several of the interferons and interleukins have been associated with Parkinson;s disease (PD) and clinical depression. Importantly, anti-inflammatory treatments that block these cytokines may impart protection against behavioural pathology and neuronal damage in animal models of PD and depression involving exposure to environmental toxins and stressors, respectively. The present review highlights the involvement of inflammatory cells and cytokines in depression and PD and explores some of the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the immunotransmitters affect neuronal functioning. Attention is also devoted to the possibility that cytokines may sensitize neuroinflammatory pathways that, in turn, favour long-term pathology.
Keywords: cytokine, sensitization, depression, parkinsons disease, neurodegeneration, microglia, neurochemical, neurotoxin
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: Multiple Mechanisms of Cytokine Action in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric States: Neurochemical and Molecular Substrates
Volume: 11 Issue: 8
Author(s): Shawn Hayley and Hymie Anisman
Affiliation:
Keywords: cytokine, sensitization, depression, parkinsons disease, neurodegeneration, microglia, neurochemical, neurotoxin
Abstract: Neuroinflammatory processes appear to play a fundamental role in the pathology associated with a number of neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. In this respect, the immunocompetent brain microglia and peripheral macrophages release a host of proinflammatory cytokines that not only modulate immunological processes but also influence neuronal functioning and even survival. For instance, alterations of the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as several of the interferons and interleukins have been associated with Parkinson;s disease (PD) and clinical depression. Importantly, anti-inflammatory treatments that block these cytokines may impart protection against behavioural pathology and neuronal damage in animal models of PD and depression involving exposure to environmental toxins and stressors, respectively. The present review highlights the involvement of inflammatory cells and cytokines in depression and PD and explores some of the potential cellular and molecular mechanisms through which the immunotransmitters affect neuronal functioning. Attention is also devoted to the possibility that cytokines may sensitize neuroinflammatory pathways that, in turn, favour long-term pathology.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hayley Shawn and Anisman Hymie, Multiple Mechanisms of Cytokine Action in Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric States: Neurochemical and Molecular Substrates, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053381611
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612053381611 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Editorial: New Insights into a Classical Pathway: Key Roles of the Mevalonate Cascade in Different Diseases (Part II)
Current Molecular Pharmacology The Relationship between Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Atherosclerosis and Rheumatic Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Depression in Adolescence: From Qualitative Research to Measurement
Adolescent Psychiatry Curative Effects of <i>Dhatryadi ghrita</i> Bioactive Extracts on Ethanol Withdrawal Syndrome in Wistar Rats
Current Bioactive Compounds Blockade of Renin Angiotensin System in Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction: What is the Best Therapy?
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Role of Ca2+-Sensitive K+ Currents in Controlling Ventricular Repolarization: Possible Implications for Future Antiarrhytmic Drug Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Hypertension: Unique Characteristics and Future Treatment Targets
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Management Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Mechanical Circulatory Support of the Critically Ill Child Awaiting Heart Transplantation
Current Cardiology Reviews Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with the Syndrome of Cytokine Storm: A Narrative Review
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Statistically Designed Extraction of Herbs Using Ultrasound Waves: A Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Soluble CD40L and its Role in Essential Hypertension: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets CCR2 Antagonists
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry New Applications of Oleanolic Acid and its Derivatives as Cardioprotective Agents: A Review of their Therapeutic Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Medial Temporal Lobe Volumes in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Late-life Depression: Research Synthesis
Current Psychiatry Reviews Thyroid Disorders in Chronic Heart Failure: From Prognostic Set-up to Therapeutic Management
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Helminth Infections and Cardiovascular Diseases: Toxocara Species is Contributing to the Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews A Review of the Cardiovascular and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Ghrelin
Current Pharmaceutical Design Food Fortification with Omega-3 Fatty Acids; Microencapsulation as an Addition Method
Current Nutrition & Food Science Long-term Success and Follow-up After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Current Cardiology Reviews