Abstract
Diabetic Foot Infections (DFIs) are associated with increased morbidity, an economic burden on patients, their families and healthcare systems and increased mortality. Early diagnosis with prompt, appropriate and adequate treatment of the infected diabetic foot is crucial. The determination of DFIs, however, may be quite perplexing and invasive. Imaging is useful in the evaluation of certain cases of DFIs, especially in suspected instances with no overt clinical features, or in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Nuclear medicine imaging is currently used in the evaluation of DFIs; however, like all the imaging techniques now available, it has its limitations. Several radiopharmaceuticals presently available play useful roles in the management of DFIs, while new ones are being evaluated. Optical imaging techniques have recently demonstrated promising results in the evaluation of many infections including DFIs. Using the same molecule, a tracer can be labeled with a radioisotope or an optical imaging dye. This enables infections to be evaluated both pre- and intra-operatively when surgery is required in their management. In some cases, tracers have been simultaneously labeled with both a radioisotope and an optical imaging dye to produce a hybrid tracer. These new tracers potentially provide powerful and new opportunities in the management of DFIs. In this review, we briefly examine tracers that have been used in the evaluation of the infected diabetic foot. We then explore the potential of new imaging tracers currently under development for infection that may be useful in the management of DFIs.
Keywords: Optical imaging, radiopharmaceuticals, diabetic foot infections, nuclear medicine, osteomyelitis, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, bacteriaspecific imaging.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:New Imaging Tracers for the Infected Diabetic Foot (Nuclear and Optical Imaging)
Volume: 24 Issue: 12
Author(s): Alfred O. Ankrah, Hans C. Klein and Philip H. Elsinga*
Affiliation:
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen,Netherlands
Keywords: Optical imaging, radiopharmaceuticals, diabetic foot infections, nuclear medicine, osteomyelitis, SPECT/CT, PET/CT, bacteriaspecific imaging.
Abstract: Diabetic Foot Infections (DFIs) are associated with increased morbidity, an economic burden on patients, their families and healthcare systems and increased mortality. Early diagnosis with prompt, appropriate and adequate treatment of the infected diabetic foot is crucial. The determination of DFIs, however, may be quite perplexing and invasive. Imaging is useful in the evaluation of certain cases of DFIs, especially in suspected instances with no overt clinical features, or in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Nuclear medicine imaging is currently used in the evaluation of DFIs; however, like all the imaging techniques now available, it has its limitations. Several radiopharmaceuticals presently available play useful roles in the management of DFIs, while new ones are being evaluated. Optical imaging techniques have recently demonstrated promising results in the evaluation of many infections including DFIs. Using the same molecule, a tracer can be labeled with a radioisotope or an optical imaging dye. This enables infections to be evaluated both pre- and intra-operatively when surgery is required in their management. In some cases, tracers have been simultaneously labeled with both a radioisotope and an optical imaging dye to produce a hybrid tracer. These new tracers potentially provide powerful and new opportunities in the management of DFIs. In this review, we briefly examine tracers that have been used in the evaluation of the infected diabetic foot. We then explore the potential of new imaging tracers currently under development for infection that may be useful in the management of DFIs.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ankrah O. Alfred , Klein C. Hans and Elsinga H. Philip*, New Imaging Tracers for the Infected Diabetic Foot (Nuclear and Optical Imaging), Current Pharmaceutical Design 2018; 24 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180227094454
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180227094454 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Uveitis in Rheumatic Diseases
Current Rheumatology Reviews Evolution and Analysis of Heterogeneity in the Clinical Expression of Aortic Diseases Similar to Marfan’s Syndrome: Challenge and Art in Clinical Diagnosis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Proteomic and Bioinformatics Tools to Understand Virulence Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus
Current Proteomics Treatment Options for Persistent Coagulase Negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia in Neonates
Current Pediatric Reviews Complications of Infective Endocarditis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Editorial (Thematic Issue: Searching a New Antibiotic Prototype: Snake Venoms)
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) The Impact of Methodology and Confounding Variables on the Association Between Major Depression and Coronary Heart Disease: Review and Recommendations
Current Psychiatry Reviews Current Status of Newer Antiinfectives
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Liposome-Nanogel Structures for Future Pharmaceutical Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Macrolides Allergy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Differential Binding of L- vs. D-isomers of Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides to the Biofilm Exopolysaccharide Alginate
Protein & Peptide Letters Optimal antibiotic dosage for chronic kidney disease patient: a pharmacological manual for oral clinicians
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery From Vancomycin to Oritavancin: The Discovery and Development of a Novel Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotic
Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) due to Atypical Pathogens
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Association of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Linezolid with Infection Outcome
Current Drug Metabolism The Cancer Related Thrombotic Tendency in Sepsis
Current Drug Targets Structure Based Virtual Screening for the Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Penicillin Binding Protein 2B of the Resistant 5204 Strain of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>
Current Bioinformatics The Relationship Between HIV Infection and Cardiovascular Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Cardiovascular Diseases in Pregnancy - A Brief Overview
Current Cardiology Reviews