Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance and the associated compensatory hyperinsulinemia are common findings in women with PCOS, and may play a key role in this condition.
Methods: In this article, we focused on the significance of insulin resistance in PCOS, reviewing the available literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and treatment of this condition.
Results: It has been estimated that approximately 70% of these women are insulin resistant, but this figure is affected by frequent referral bias. In addition, there is metabolic heterogeneity between clinical phenotypes of PCOS. A fundamental issue is the role that hyperinsulinemia plays in androgen overproduction, which is enhanced by bidirectional links between insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Available data suggest that women with PCOS may have insulin action alterations of heterogeneous origins, which induce specific abnormalities in these subjects due to the presence of intrinsic defects. Obesity is a common finding in these patients and contributes to the association between PCOS and insulin resistance, combining with the effect of PCOS per se. Insulin sensitization shows several beneficial effects in the treatment of this condition. However, clinical response is heterogeneous.
Conclusion: Insulin resistance is a common feature of women with PCOS, although it is not universal and differ between clinical phenotypes of PCOS. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism appear to be interrelated key factors in the pathogenesis of PCOS. We hypothesize that PCOS might represent a common end-stage clinical phenotype of different processes, in which there are impaired insulin action and hyperandrogenism, probably favoured by specific, intrinsic abnormalities of these women.
Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), PCOS phenotypes, Insulin resistance, Hyperandrogenism.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Volume: 22 Issue: 36
Author(s): Paolo Moghetti
Affiliation:
Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), PCOS phenotypes, Insulin resistance, Hyperandrogenism.
Abstract: Background: Insulin resistance and the associated compensatory hyperinsulinemia are common findings in women with PCOS, and may play a key role in this condition.
Methods: In this article, we focused on the significance of insulin resistance in PCOS, reviewing the available literature on epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathophysiology and treatment of this condition.
Results: It has been estimated that approximately 70% of these women are insulin resistant, but this figure is affected by frequent referral bias. In addition, there is metabolic heterogeneity between clinical phenotypes of PCOS. A fundamental issue is the role that hyperinsulinemia plays in androgen overproduction, which is enhanced by bidirectional links between insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Available data suggest that women with PCOS may have insulin action alterations of heterogeneous origins, which induce specific abnormalities in these subjects due to the presence of intrinsic defects. Obesity is a common finding in these patients and contributes to the association between PCOS and insulin resistance, combining with the effect of PCOS per se. Insulin sensitization shows several beneficial effects in the treatment of this condition. However, clinical response is heterogeneous.
Conclusion: Insulin resistance is a common feature of women with PCOS, although it is not universal and differ between clinical phenotypes of PCOS. Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism appear to be interrelated key factors in the pathogenesis of PCOS. We hypothesize that PCOS might represent a common end-stage clinical phenotype of different processes, in which there are impaired insulin action and hyperandrogenism, probably favoured by specific, intrinsic abnormalities of these women.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Moghetti Paolo, Insulin Resistance and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2016; 22 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160720155855
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160720155855 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on Women’s Health and Well-being During Their Reproductive Years: A Mixed-methods Systematic Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Clinical Applications of Transcranial Doppler Sonography
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Infertility: From Molecular Perspective
Current Women`s Health Reviews Realising Heart Regeneration
Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) The Long Term Biological Consequences of Anorexia Nervosa
Current Nutrition & Food Science A Proteomic Approach To Porcine Saliva
Current Protein & Peptide Science Classical and New Renin-Angiotensin Signalling in Atherosclerosis
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Review of Pediatric Uveitis
Current Pediatric Reviews Current Approaches to the Diagnosis of Classical form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Management of Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt): A Link Between NAD Biology, Metabolism, and Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs During Pregnancy. Their Effects on the Mother and Offspring
Current Women`s Health Reviews Critical Illness in Obstetric Patients: Introduction and Epidemiology
Current Women`s Health Reviews Biological Ageing, Inflammation and Nutrition: How Might They Impact on Systemic Sclerosis?
Current Aging Science Hypertension in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology & Management Strategies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Invokana: An FDA Approved Drug
Current Diabetes Reviews Recent Knowledge and New Pharmaceutical Products in Potential Alleviation of Endometriosis
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery A Stress Repair Mechanism That Maintains Vertebrate Structure During Stress
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Nuclear Hormone Receptors and Female Reproduction
Current Molecular Medicine Impact of Seasonality on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets