Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis requires a tight balance between energy intake and energy expenditure; hence, the physiological circuits implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism must be able to quickly adjust to changes in either side of the equation. Circulating orexigenic and anorexigenic factors, including ghrelin and leptin, are produced in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, respectively, in relation to an individual’s nutritional status. These signals interact with central metabolic circuits to regulate the production and secretion of neuropeptides implicated in the control of appetite and energy expenditure. However, this physiological equilibrium can be perturbed by diverse processes, with weight gain occurring due to a positive energy balance and weight loss taking place if there is a negative energy balance. If a situation of positive energy balance continues for an extended period of time, excess weight is accumulated and this can eventually result in obesity. Obesity has become one of the most important health problems facing the industrialized world, indicating that metabolic equilibrium is frequently disrupted. Understanding how and why this occurs will allow new therapeutical targets to be identified.
Keywords: Ghrelin, hypothalamus, leptin, metabolism, obesity.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Hypothalamic Leptin and Ghrelin Signaling as Targets for Improvement in Metabolic Control
Volume: 21 Issue: 25
Author(s): Laura M. Frago and Julie A. Chowen
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ghrelin, hypothalamus, leptin, metabolism, obesity.
Abstract: Metabolic homeostasis requires a tight balance between energy intake and energy expenditure; hence, the physiological circuits implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism must be able to quickly adjust to changes in either side of the equation. Circulating orexigenic and anorexigenic factors, including ghrelin and leptin, are produced in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, respectively, in relation to an individual’s nutritional status. These signals interact with central metabolic circuits to regulate the production and secretion of neuropeptides implicated in the control of appetite and energy expenditure. However, this physiological equilibrium can be perturbed by diverse processes, with weight gain occurring due to a positive energy balance and weight loss taking place if there is a negative energy balance. If a situation of positive energy balance continues for an extended period of time, excess weight is accumulated and this can eventually result in obesity. Obesity has become one of the most important health problems facing the industrialized world, indicating that metabolic equilibrium is frequently disrupted. Understanding how and why this occurs will allow new therapeutical targets to be identified.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Frago M. Laura and Chowen A. Julie, Hypothalamic Leptin and Ghrelin Signaling as Targets for Improvement in Metabolic Control, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (25) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150710145428
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150710145428 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vitamin D is Related to Markers of Vulnerable Plaque in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Current Vascular Pharmacology Incidence and Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Patients Affected by Chronic Heart Failure: Role of Amiodarone
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets CD26: A Multi-Purpose Pharmacological Target
Current Clinical Pharmacology Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation and Docking of Coumarin Coupled Thiazolidinedione Derivatives and its Bioisosteres as PPARγ Agonists
Medicinal Chemistry Histamine H3 Receptor Ligands in the Group of (Homo)piperazine Derivatives
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Systematic Review on Pharmaceutical Diabetic Care Services in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Current Diabetes Reviews Role of Angiotensin II in the Development of Nephropathy and Podocytopathy of Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Conjugative Post-Translational Modifications for Pharmacological Improvement of Therapeutic Proteins
Current Proteomics The Efficacy of Psychological Therapies for Specific Phobias in Adults and Some Unanswered Questions
Current Psychiatry Reviews Aspartic Proteases of Human Pathogenic Fungi are Prospective Targets for the Generation of Novel and Effective Antifungal Inhibitors
Current Enzyme Inhibition Clinical Approach to Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of Human Studies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Retracted: Tocotrienols and its Role in Cardiovascular Health- a Lead for Drug Design
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial [Hot topic:Current Hypertension Reviews, Hot Topics “Obesity, Hypertension, and the Metabolic Syndrome” (Guest Editor: Kazuko Masuo)]
Current Hypertension Reviews Complications Associated with Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy for Acute Ischaemic Stroke
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and the Relationship to Cigarette Smoking
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Jumping on the Train of Personalized Medicine: A Primer for Non-Geneticist Clinicians: Part 2. Fundamental Concepts in Genetic Epidemiology
Current Psychiatry Reviews Study of Male Sex Hormone Levels in Male Egyptian Children with Beta-Thalassemia: Correlation with Iron load
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets SGLT-2 inhibitors in Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Lies Behind their Renoprotective Properties?
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nifedipine Induced Gingival Hyperplasia in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Current Drug Safety Integration of Internet of Things with Quantum Dots: A State-of-the-art of Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design