Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) represent the majority of hepatic malignancies and are among the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide with a rising incidence in western countries. Upon progression of liver cancer, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered a key process that drives intrahepatic metastasis. EMT is the transformation of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype exacerbating motility and invasiveness of various epithelial cell types. In this review we focus on EMT in hepatic fibrosis, HCC and CCC that is governed by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. This cytokine has been shown to play diverse and conflicting roles in malignant development, acting as a tumor-suppressor in early cancerogenesis but enhancing tumor dissemination in later stages of tumor progression. Importantly, TGF-β can induce EMT in a variety of cancers including HCC and CCC, even though the complex molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully understood. We aim at collecting recent findings on the impact of TGF-β-induced EMT in liver carcinoma progression and at discussing new insights on promising drugable targets for future therapeutic approaches against CCC and HCC.
Keywords: HCC, CCC, EMT, TGF-β, metastasis, cancer, epithelial cell types, hepatic fibrosis, liver carcinoma progression, tumor-suppressor.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:TGF-β in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis of Liver Carcinoma
Volume: 18 Issue: 27
Author(s): Patrick Reichl, Christine Haider, Markus Grubinger and Wolfgang Mikulits
Affiliation:
Keywords: HCC, CCC, EMT, TGF-β, metastasis, cancer, epithelial cell types, hepatic fibrosis, liver carcinoma progression, tumor-suppressor.
Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) represent the majority of hepatic malignancies and are among the most frequent causes of cancer deaths worldwide with a rising incidence in western countries. Upon progression of liver cancer, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered a key process that drives intrahepatic metastasis. EMT is the transformation of epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype exacerbating motility and invasiveness of various epithelial cell types. In this review we focus on EMT in hepatic fibrosis, HCC and CCC that is governed by the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. This cytokine has been shown to play diverse and conflicting roles in malignant development, acting as a tumor-suppressor in early cancerogenesis but enhancing tumor dissemination in later stages of tumor progression. Importantly, TGF-β can induce EMT in a variety of cancers including HCC and CCC, even though the complex molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not yet fully understood. We aim at collecting recent findings on the impact of TGF-β-induced EMT in liver carcinoma progression and at discussing new insights on promising drugable targets for future therapeutic approaches against CCC and HCC.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Reichl Patrick, Haider Christine, Grubinger Markus and Mikulits Wolfgang, TGF-β in Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis of Liver Carcinoma, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (27) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802430477
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212802430477 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cdc20: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Hydrogel Solutions for Repairing and Regeneration of Complex Tissues
Current Medicinal Chemistry Estrogen Regulation of Adipose Tissue Functions: Involvement of Estrogen Receptor Isoforms
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Exfoliated Epithelial Cells: A Non-Invasive way to Evaluate the Physiological State of Gastrointestinal Epithelium
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) Fluorescence for the Detection of Cell Death
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Novel Approaches and Strategies for Effective Functional Regeneration
Current Protein & Peptide Science Prophylaxis of Cancer
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Floating Drug Delivery Systems for Prolonging Gastric Residence Time: A Review
Current Drug Delivery Antigenic Differences Between Normal and Malignant Cells as a Basis for Treatment of Intracerebral Neoplasms Using a DNA-Based Vaccine
Current Genomics Anti-inflammatory Phytochemicals for Chemoprevention of Colon Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Recent Advances in Understanding and Exploiting the Activation of Anthracyclines by Formaldehyde
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Thiosemicarbazones as Potent Anticancer Agents and their Modes of Action
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Mechanisms, Proteinopathies and Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Genomics Efficient Growth Inhibition of Human Osteosarcoma Cells Using a Peptide Derived from the MDM-2-Binding Site of p53
Protein & Peptide Letters Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Malignant Mesothelioma
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry TGR5 as a Therapeutic Target for Treating Obesity
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Specific Hemosiderin Deposition in Spleen Induced by a Low Dose of Cisplatin: Altered Iron Metabolism and Its Implication as an Acute Hemosiderin Formation Model
Current Drug Metabolism Manipulation of the Immune System for Cancer Defeat: A Focus on the T Cell Inhibitory Checkpoint Molecules
Current Medicinal Chemistry Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Synthesis of Fluorine-18-Labelled Choline (<sup>18</sup>F-Fluorocholine): Towards an Early and Accurate Management of Prostate Cancer in Malaysia
Current Medical Imaging