Abstract
Population studies have consistently shown that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are a strong, independent inverse predictor of cardiovascular disease. Every 1 mg/dl increase in HDL cholesterol is associated with a 2% to 3% decrease in coronary artery disease risk, independent of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The primary mechanism for this protective effect is believed to be reverse cholesterol transport, but several other anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative functions for HDL have also been identified. Low HDL cholesterol is predictive of cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with low LDL cholesterol, indicating that intensive lipid lowering strategies with statins alone are not sufficient to prevent cardiovascular events, and merging for additional effective HDL-raising therapy. This review focuses at giving an overview of current established HDLraising pharmaca, including statins, fibrates, thiazolidinediones, and nicotinic acids, and of novel therapies including cholesterol ester transfer protein-inhibitors, liver X receptor agonists, reconstituted HDL, and apolipoprotein A-I mimetics. Working mechanisms are described and results from clinical trials of monotherapy and combination therapy are discussed.
Keywords: High-density lipoprotein, reverse cholesterol transport, statins, fibrates, nicotinic acids, cholesterol ester transfer protein, LXR agonists, reconstituted HDL, apo A-I mimetics
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title: High-Density Lipoprotein-Raising Strategies: Update 2010
Volume: 16 Issue: 13
Author(s): Frank Spillmann, Heinz-Peter Schultheiss, Carsten Tschope and Sophie Van Linthout
Affiliation:
Keywords: High-density lipoprotein, reverse cholesterol transport, statins, fibrates, nicotinic acids, cholesterol ester transfer protein, LXR agonists, reconstituted HDL, apo A-I mimetics
Abstract: Population studies have consistently shown that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are a strong, independent inverse predictor of cardiovascular disease. Every 1 mg/dl increase in HDL cholesterol is associated with a 2% to 3% decrease in coronary artery disease risk, independent of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The primary mechanism for this protective effect is believed to be reverse cholesterol transport, but several other anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative functions for HDL have also been identified. Low HDL cholesterol is predictive of cardiovascular events in statin-treated patients with low LDL cholesterol, indicating that intensive lipid lowering strategies with statins alone are not sufficient to prevent cardiovascular events, and merging for additional effective HDL-raising therapy. This review focuses at giving an overview of current established HDLraising pharmaca, including statins, fibrates, thiazolidinediones, and nicotinic acids, and of novel therapies including cholesterol ester transfer protein-inhibitors, liver X receptor agonists, reconstituted HDL, and apolipoprotein A-I mimetics. Working mechanisms are described and results from clinical trials of monotherapy and combination therapy are discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Spillmann Frank, Schultheiss Heinz-Peter, Tschope Carsten and Van Linthout Sophie, High-Density Lipoprotein-Raising Strategies: Update 2010, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010; 16 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791050988
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161210791050988 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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