Abstract
A few years ago the endocannabinoid system has been recognized as a major neuromodulatory system whose main functions are to exert and maintain the body homeostasis. Several different endocannabinoids are synthesized in a broad class of cell types, including those in the brain and the immune system; they bind to cannabinoid G-protein-coupled receptors, having profound effects on a variety of behavioral, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions. The coordinated neural, immune, behavioral and endocrine responses to inflammation are orchestrated to provide an important defense against infections and help homeostasis restoration in the body. These responses are executed and controlled mainly by the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. Also, the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system is essential for survival and plays a role recovering the homeostasis under a variety of stress conditions, including inflammation and infection. Since the endocannabinoid system components are present at sites involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation, several studies were performed in order to investigate the endocannabinoid-mediated neurotransmitters and hormones secretion under physiological and pathological conditions. In the present review we focused on the endocannabinoids actions on the neuroendocrine response to inflammation and infection. We provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system in the recovering of homeostasis as well as potential pharmacological therapies based on the manipulation of endocannabinoid system components that could provide novel treatments for a wide range of disorders.
Keywords: Anandamide, cannabinoid receptors, infection, cytokines, hormones, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Neuroendocrine Responses to Inflammation
Volume: 20 Issue: 29
Author(s): Andrea De Laurentiis, Hugo A. Araujo and Valeria Rettori
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anandamide, cannabinoid receptors, infection, cytokines, hormones, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland.
Abstract: A few years ago the endocannabinoid system has been recognized as a major neuromodulatory system whose main functions are to exert and maintain the body homeostasis. Several different endocannabinoids are synthesized in a broad class of cell types, including those in the brain and the immune system; they bind to cannabinoid G-protein-coupled receptors, having profound effects on a variety of behavioral, neuroendocrine and autonomic functions. The coordinated neural, immune, behavioral and endocrine responses to inflammation are orchestrated to provide an important defense against infections and help homeostasis restoration in the body. These responses are executed and controlled mainly by the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. Also, the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system is essential for survival and plays a role recovering the homeostasis under a variety of stress conditions, including inflammation and infection. Since the endocannabinoid system components are present at sites involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis regulation, several studies were performed in order to investigate the endocannabinoid-mediated neurotransmitters and hormones secretion under physiological and pathological conditions. In the present review we focused on the endocannabinoids actions on the neuroendocrine response to inflammation and infection. We provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the role of the endocannabinoid system in the recovering of homeostasis as well as potential pharmacological therapies based on the manipulation of endocannabinoid system components that could provide novel treatments for a wide range of disorders.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Laurentiis De Andrea, Araujo A. Hugo and Rettori Valeria, Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Neuroendocrine Responses to Inflammation, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (29) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140130212957
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140130212957 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Influence of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis, f. flavicarpa, DEG) Juice Sweetened with Sucrose, Saccharin and Cyclamate on Blood Glucose in Normal and Diabetic Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
The Natural Products Journal The Relationship Between Epilepsy and Depression: An Update
Current Medicinal Chemistry Role of COL4A1 in Basement-Membrane Integrity and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease. The COL4A1 Stroke Syndrome
Current Medicinal Chemistry Nose to Brain Delivery of Nanoformulations for Neurotherapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease: Defining the Preclinical, Clinical and Toxicity Issues
Current Drug Delivery HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) and their Drug Interactions Involving CYP Enzymes, P-glycoprotein and OATP Transporters-An Overview
Current Drug Metabolism Molecular Docking Studies and Inhibition Properties of Some Antineoplastic Agents against Paraoxonase-I
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Screening of Some Novel 4, 5 Disubstituted 1, 2, 4-Triazole-3-thiones for Anticonvulsant Activity
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines Ethyl Esters as Potent β- Glucuronidase Inhibitors: One-pot Synthesis, In vitro and In silico Studies
Medicinal Chemistry fMRI Simulator Training to Suppress Head Motion
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Selected PET Radioligands for Ion Channel Linked Neuroreceptor Imaging: Focus on GABA, NMDA and nACh Receptors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Determination of the Percent Composition and Mineral Content of the Leaves of the Insulin Plant (Cissus sicyoides) with the Goal of Including it in the Usual Diet
The Natural Products Journal Integration of Internet of Things with Quantum Dots: A State-of-the-art of Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Imaging of P-glycoprotein Function and Expression to Elucidate Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance in Epilepsy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Pediatric Catatonia: Updating An Old Syndrome in Young People
Current Psychiatry Reviews Wavelet Transform Based Algorithm for Automatic Detection of Patient- Specific Single Spike-and-Wave Discharges in Simulated Real-Time Conditions
Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Editorial [Hot Topic: PET and SPECT in Drug Evaluation and Drug Design Imaging Inflammatory Processes, Tumors, and the Endocannabinoid System(Executive Editor: Aren van Waarde)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Calcium-Sensing Receptor as a Regulator of Cellular Fate in Normal and Pathological Conditions
Current Molecular Medicine Effect of Nutrient Medium, Phytohormones and Elicitation Treatment on in-vitro Callus Culture of Bacopa monniera and Expression of Secondary Metabolites
The Natural Products Journal Neuropharmacological Profile of Gamma-Decanolactone on Chemically-induced Seizure in Mice
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, Neurotoxicity and Anticonvulsant Study of Some Benzothiazole Analogs
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery