<![CDATA[Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) (Volume 5 - Issue 2)]]> https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/124 RSS Feed for Journals | BenthamScience EurekaSelect (+https://www.eurekaselect.com) 2016-09-26 <![CDATA[Current Tissue Engineering (Discontinued) (Volume 5 - Issue 2)]]> https://www.eurekaselect.com/journal/124 <![CDATA[Meet Our Editorial Board Member]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/785882016-09-26 <![CDATA[Editorial (Thematic Issue: Collagens are the Oldest Scaffolds)]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/785892016-09-26 <![CDATA[Designing Recombinant Collagens for Biomedical Applications]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/765982016-09-26 <![CDATA[ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO REVIEWERS]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/785902016-09-26 <![CDATA[Collagen: The Oldest Scaffold for Tissue Regeneration]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/763822016-09-26

Collagen is the major extracellular matrix in mammals, also found in the animals belonging to the phylum polifera, e.g., sponges, and distributed in the jelly-like mesophyl between two thin cell layers. Therefore, collagen is the oldest extracellular matrix providing a scaffold for cells in multicellular organisms. Collagen is a protein family consisting of 28 different types, which polymerize into fibrils or basement membranes. By fabricating graded structures specific for target tissues and organs, one can obtain suitable scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Decellularized scaffolds would presently be one of the best options because they can maintain the basic architecture of extracellular matrices such as tissue size. In this review, the origin, polymerized structure, and graded arrangement of collagen in extracellular space will be discussed. Some examples of a bioreactor to regenerate the tissue constructs together with collagen and cells are also presented.

]]> <![CDATA[Enhancement of Epidermal Basement Membrane Formation by Synthetic Inhibitors of Extracellular Matrix-degrading Enzymes]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/767282016-09-26 <![CDATA[Heparanase Inhibitors Facilitate the Assembly of the Basement Membrane in Artificial Skin]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/773232016-09-26 <![CDATA[In Vivo Biocompatibility of Chitosan and Collagen–vitrigel Membranes for Corneal Scaffolding: A Comparative Analysis]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/712252016-09-26

Methods: Four White New Zealand rabbits, 3 months old, were implanted with CHM in one eye, and other four rabbits were implanted with CVM membranes following cold burn damage on the corneal surface. The contralateral eye was used as the control. After 1 week, rabbits were sacrificed, and the obtained corneas were clinically evaluated and processed for histological analysis.

Results: Eyes implanted with CHM developed severe inflammation with 360° neovascularization, ciliary injection, optical opacity, and purulent exudate in the anterior chamber. Microscopically, CHM-implanted eyes showed severe exudative, inflammatory, and necrotic processes that were mainly composed of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, cellular debris, and macrophages. Eyes implanted with CVM showed little or no signs of clinical inflammation. Histological analysis of the CVM and control eyes showed no signs of inflammation, except in places where corneal suture ports and closure with a suture were performed.

Conclusions: CHM are not biocompatible for ocular purposes. CVM are safe to be used for further in vivo research as cell scaffold in corneal engineering.

]]> <![CDATA[Chitosan Enhances Osteogenetic Potential of Ethylene-Oxide Sterilized Demineralized Bone Matrix]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/752372016-09-26

Objective: The goal of this study is to investigate whether treatment with chitosan which is osteoconductive will improve the osteoconductivity of ethylene-oxide sterilized demineralized bone matrix and thus restore the original osteogenetic efficacy of demineralized bone matrix.

Methods: We implanted normal and modified demineralized bone matrix implants into the abdominal muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats. New bone growth in implants, harvested at 4 weeks, was determined by mineral content, bone alkaline phosphatase activity, and histology.

Results: The unmodified demineralized bone matrix implants demonstrated extensive areas of trabecular bone containing osteoblasts and osteocytes. Ethylene-oxide sterilization of demineralized bone matrix resulted in fibrosis, rather than new bone formation, in the intramuscular implantation site in the rat. Treatment of ethylene-oxide sterilized demineralized bone matrix with chitosan restored mineral content and bone alkaline phosphatase activity of these samples to control levels.

Conclusion: Treatment of ethylene-oxide sterilized demineralized bone matrix with chitosan restores the osteoconductive properties completely so that new bone formation is comparable to that of nonsterilized demineralized bone matrix. Thus chitosan treatment of ethylene-oxide sterilized demineralized bone matrix may be used to restore the clinical efficacy of demineralized bone matrix after sterilization.

]]> <![CDATA[Autologous Circulating Progenitor Cells Transplanted with Hybrid Scaffold Accelerate Diabetic Wound Healing in Rabbit Model]]>https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/746262016-09-26

Objective: In this study, we tested a novel strategy of applying hybrid scaffold developed from synthetic biodegradable electro-spun poly[Lactide-glycolidecaprolactone] and bio-mimetic fibrin based matrix combined with autologous circulating progenitor cells on wounds in diabetic rabbits.

Methods: The wounds created in rabbit ear were grouped into three categories: (i) untreated open wounds [control]; (ii) covered with hybrid scaffold [test1]; and (iii) applied with autologous progenitor cell suspension and covered with hybrid scaffold [test 2]. Replicate wounds were explanted at 3 time periods ending 28 days, gross tissue and histological sections were compared between control and tests. Healing parameters assessed were collagen organization, angiogenesis and epithelial coverage. Survival of transplanted cells at the wound site was tracked.

Results: All wounds healed by 28 days; but, fastest epithelial healing and least scar formations were achieved when wounds were applied with progenitors and scaffold together. Collagen organization and angiogenesis were the best in Test2 followed by Test1 and was minimal in Control as compared to normal skin. Upon cell transplantation, healed skin thickness was near normal with appendage-like structures.

Conclusion: Transplanted cells could be tracked till the end of the study through fluorescence imaging. The transplanted cells seemed important for dermal and epidermal regeneration. Even though a mixture of cells was transplanted, all of them can be harvested easily from autologous source and could be committed to respective lineage within few days. Therefore, it could be a potential strategy for regeneration of wounds in human subjects.

]]>