Preface
Page: iii-viii (6)
Author: Farzana Mahdi and Abbas Ali Mahdi
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010002
Personalized Medicine (PM) A Critical Appraisal
Page: 1-30 (30)
Author: Syed Tasleem Raza*, Saliha Rizvi, Allal Ouhtit, Farhan Ali and Sher Ali
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010005
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, deals with a
clinical model that delineates patients into different groups based on their ethnicity,
lifestyle, food habits, medical history, drug reaction, comorbidity, the robustness of the
immune system, age, gender, and proneness to infection, overall psyche and attitude
towards life. Further, emotions, social interactions and life experiences culminating
into overall happiness play an important role in the life of a person. Thus, an
emotionally strong and happy person is usually healthy. Taking all these above factors
into consideration and with accurate diagnosis, a drug may be prescribed more in tune
with the uniqueness of the patient’s genome. Since everybody, whether diseased or
healthy, has a unique genome, this uniqueness must be utilized in deciding the drug,
dose and its long-term effects. Healing and cure should address the root cause of the
problem instead of working only on the symptoms to provide short-term relief. In
addition, repurposing of the drug which is not an old concept should also be carefully
explored because with this approach, a large number of already available drugs may be
used for a much wider number of diseases than the medicine originally developed for.
This will also help reduce the cost of the development of medicine. Finally, clinicians
and doctors should be sensitized to the concept of precision medicine and its less
obvious sub-disciplines. This is envisaged to provide better, more accurate diagnosis
and may result in better treatment. The medical field, besides being a deep science is
also an art starting from how to deal with diverse types of patients of different
backgrounds and educate them all the way to instill a sense of confidence and then to
prescribe the medicine to cure the disease. Seemingly, within the realm of precision
medicine, it is a huge task. However, it is possible to collect and analyze diagnostic
data to reach a consensus. This would require the involvement of clinical psychologists
and genetic counselors in a hospital setting ensuring that patient care is holistic, taking into account both the physical and psychological aspects of health. This integrated
approach can lead to improved patient care and long-term well-being.
An Integrative Approach to Bioinformatics and Epigenetics Toward Personalized Medicine
Page: 31-54 (24)
Author: Anam Farooqui, Najma and Sher Ali*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010006
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Studies on epigenetics have shown cell control, gene function, and putative
change or modification in the DNA's sequence. Genes are prone to changes that are
brought about by a number of mechanisms encompassing gene conversion, exon/intron
reshuffling, alteration in the mutational landscape, and copy number variation of the
genes. In addition, repeat DNA sequences tend to expand or shrink changing the
topology of adjacent genes resulting in a change in their functions. Alterations in gene
activity, especially those that are brought on by epigenetic errors, frequently cause
genetic diseases. Researchers are particularly interested in how epigenetic
modifications and mistakes affect gene function, protein synthesis, and human health.
Precise mapping and evaluation of epigenetic biomarkers will enhance treatment
approaches by enabling more accurate and early diagnosis prior to a change in the
genetical landscape. This chapter covers the topics of genomics, bioinformatics and
epigenetic clocks that pave the way to personalized medicine. It is envisaged that a
deeper understanding of the epigenetic modification of the genome or its aberration
would augment our understanding of the function of the normal and diseased human
genomes.
Precision Medicine in Improving Treatment Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Outcomes and Advancements
Page: 55-75 (21)
Author: Deepti Singh, Mohammad Afsar Khan and Hifzur R. Siddique*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010007
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Liver cancer ranks sixth among the most commonly diagnosed malignancies
and 90% of liver cancer cases are of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment
options for HCC include resection, radiotherapy, and systemic therapies with
chemotherapeutic drugs. The late diagnosis of HCC prevents successful treatment by
surgical resection. Further, conventional treatment modalities such as chemotherapy
and radiotherapy are ineffective in all patients as tumors are heterogeneous. The
heterogeneous nature of tumors enables them to have genetic variations and express
specific proteins in different patients. This inherent variability of cancer creates the
need to move to a growing field of medicine, i.e., precision/personalized medicine.
Precision medicine is based on complementing the molecular profile of a patient to a
targeted therapy. In clinical practice, the transition from a stage-based approach to a
targeted therapy-based approach is necessary for determining the most appropriate
treatment plan for a patient. The clinical outcomes for patients could be improved on a
large scale if the discoveries in tumour biology are applied efficiently in clinics. This
chapter discusses the research on precision medicine for improving treatment outcomes
in HCC patients, especially advanced cancers. It also includes the clinical studies of
novel therapeutics used for the targeted therapy of advanced liver cancer patients.
Concisely, we summarize the recent studies on the applications of precision and
personalized medicine.
Protein Structures, Aggregation, Misfolding, Induction Factors and Precision Medicine
Page: 76-117 (42)
Author: Sadia Malik, Sumbul Yasmeen and Rizwan Hasan Khan*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010008
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
The aggregation of protein is a complex process influenced by various
factors resulting in a wide range of debilitating disorders. These are characterized by
the deposition of insoluble plaques consisting of amyloid fibrils rich in β-sheet
structures. Many natural proteins form amyloid fibrils and build-up misfolded or
aggregated disease-specific proteins in the tissues causing human diseases. The present
chapter deals with protein structures, aggregation, misfolding, induction factors, and
their involvement in human disease and implications in precision medicine. We have
discussed the role of functional amyloids in portraying the mechanism of its formation,
highlighting the method of detection of diverse types of aggregates. Moreover, we also
contextualized therapeutic strategies to combat the process of aggregation keeping in
view that this is a broad field of research that ranges from biophysics to clinical trials.
Despite visible progress in the field of biochemistry, we still have questions regarding
the aggregation and co-aggregation of protein molecules. However, with the present
level of knowledge, it is envisaged that accurate treatments against diseases related to
aggregation would be feasible in near future.
Resiliency of Protein Dictates Human Health
Page: 118-152 (35)
Author: Tajalli Ilm Chandel, Ifrah Fareed and Rizwan Hasan Khan*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010009
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Proteins are functional in their three-dimensional form; any type of
modification in the conformation of the protein affects its functions. Thus, the role of
the proteins in the body depicts the functional ability and ensures health of an
organism. Besides its presence in the body, proteins are consumed by the body in the
form of dietary uptake. The free amino group of the protein in the body when
interacting with the carbonyl group of the reducing sugar follows the Maillard reaction
to produce hazardous by-products which is an advanced glycation end products
(AGEs). The process of AGEs formation routes towards the aggregation process.
Different studies have shown different aggregation pathways, some restricting the
partial unfolding of the protein and the other oligomerization leading to fibril formation
depending upon the conditions of the study. It is noteworthy that in in-vivo cases,
glycation and aggregation are the two sides of the same coin because it is obvious that
we have seen the diseased condition due to AGEs formation that also shows
aggregation or vice versa. Hence, the two causative agents depend upon each other.
Status of Helicobacter pylori in Gut Microbiome and Precision Medicine
Page: 153-176 (24)
Author: Navin Kumar*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010010
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative, slow-growing
microaerobic bacterium that infects over 50% of the global population. Around 58,000
years ago, H. pylori and humans co-evolved and migrated from East Africa, the
original birthplace of Homo sapiens. Its distinct characteristics, such as urease, helical
structure, and motile flagella, allow it to survive in the human stomach under stressful
conditions. The occurrence of H. pylori in the stomach can be beneficial or detrimental
to human health, depending on the host's genetic vulnerability, immunity, and
environmental factors. Although most of the H. pylori-infected patients are
asymptomatic, about 20% develop stomach illnesses such as peptic ulcer (10-15%),
gastric adenocarcinoma (1-3%), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
lymphoma that is common to aged people. People who do not have H. pylori infection,
on the other hand, are predisposed to a variety of diseases, including gastric esophageal
disease (GERD), oesophageal cancer, diabetes mellitus, and asthma. Clinical symptoms
in infected patients vary significantly geographically due to the high level of genetic
variation in the bacterial genome and the presence of numerous virulence factors. The
entire sickness is treated by eradicating H. pylori with antibiotics and proton pump
inhibitors. However, the rise in antibiotic resistance and a lack of effective vaccinations
make it tough to combat the infection. This chapter aims to shed light on host-pathogen
interactions by analysing the bacterium's persistence and pathogenesis in the context of
human health and precision medicine.
Prevalence of Triple Negative Breast Cancer and its Therapeutic Challenges
Page: 177-204 (28)
Author: Mir Shahid Maqbool, Loveleena Kour Anand and Fayaz Malik*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010011
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common among females. The current status
of BC worldwide shows that more than 1 million women are affected and ~400 000 die
every year. Partial success has been achieved by mammography coupled with adjuvant
treatment. However, its incidence and mortality both are increasing. Several subcategories of BC have been reported; of which, one is triple-negative breast cancer
(TNBC). This is defined by a lack of expression of oestrogen and progesterone
receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2). Several approaches
have been used for speedy and accurate diagnosis and precise treatment of BC. In this
context, precision medicine approach is of great relevance in ameliorating the suffering
of the patient’s from the menace of BC. The present chapter aims to provide
background information, different types of BC and its sub-types and molecular
mechanisms for therapeutic intervention required for precision medicine.
Molecular Mechanisms Implicated with Depression and Therapeutic Intervention
Page: 205-257 (53)
Author: Loveleena Kour Anand, Mir Shahid Maqbool and Fayaz Malik*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010012
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Depression is a pervasive, arduous psychological condition with profound
neurological ramifications. The parameters for leveraging depression involve the
diagnosis and evaluation of depression, the endorsement to implement substantiated
therapies and rigorous follow-up of the patients. Many individuals suffering from
depression undertake a recurring or persistent therapy that correlates to a decline in
cognitive processing. The underpinnings of exact aetiology and pathogenesis of
melancholy are probably the outcome of a variety of mechanisms. These include
physiological, behavioural, and socio-economic variables, all playing their roles.
Multiple refinements to the treatments encompassing therapies, medications and
medical interventions are employed, in relation to effective approaches reassuring the
brighter side. In this chapter, we discuss more integrative and multifaceted aspects of
psychological health, minimizing the segmented understanding to achieve a consensus
on multiple possibilities for effective interventions.
Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning and Precision Medicine
Page: 258-285 (28)
Author: Khalid Umar Fakhri, Sugandh Kumar, Md Zubbair Malik, Chirag N. Patel, Yogesh Kumar, Khalid Imtiyaz, Farhan Jalees Ahmad and Moshahid Alam Rizvi*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010013
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Cancer is often described as a complex and diverse collection of cells,
encompassing many distinct subtypes. To address the challenges presented by this
heterogeneity, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal technology for
advanced cancer research and clinical management. AI leverages computer systems to
perform tasks that traditionally rely on human cognitive abilities. One integral
component of AI is Deep Learning (DL), which empowers algorithms to autonomously
acquire knowledge from vast datasets, enabling them to make accurate predictions. The
application of AI in cancer research has witnessed continuous growth, particularly in
the realm of disease prognosis. This advancement has empowered pathologists to
precisely diagnose various cancer types, and classify them into different grades and
subtypes while considering factors such as invasion patterns, genetic mutations, and
metastasis. Such precise characterization of cancers facilitates the implementation of
tailored treatment strategies, ultimately leading to more favorable clinical outcomes.
Moreover, AI plays a pivotal role in the field of precision medicine, aiding in
overcoming challenges like drug resistance and cancer relapse.
In comparison to traditional methods, AI offers superior predictive accuracy and
enhances the overall clinical perspective. This chapter aims to showcase the evolving
roles of AI in diagnosing and prognosticating various cancer types and their subtypes.
The applications of AI in cancer prediction warrant further assessment and validation,
supporting not only routine tasks for pathologists but also complex diagnostic
scenarios. Within these pages, we will highlight various instances where AI,
particularly DL, has effectively addressed challenges that were previously deemed
insurmountable. Additionally, we will focus on the resources and datasets available to
foster a deeper understanding of the intricacies of AI in cancer research. The continued
expansion of advanced computational methodologies and AI is expected to facilitate
the study of interactomes, significantly enriching our insights into oncology and
advancing the concept of personalized medicine.
Precision Medicine in Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Page: 286-296 (11)
Author: Ghizal Fatima*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010014
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Individualized remedy for patients is a middle objective of today’s clinical
approach and the need of our society. Many elements, starting from genes to proteins,
all stay unknown for their unique roles in human physiology. The accurate prognosis,
monitoring, and remedy of various problems require dependable biomarkers, for the
development of correct healing interventions. Precision medicine within the treatment
of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) has attracted a whole lot of attention, particularly
with the gene discovery pushing toward more modern know-how of the biology of
disorders. Genome-huge association research has proven that in fibromyalgia
pathogenesis, genetic factors are accountable for as much as 50% of the sickness
susceptibility. Candidate genes determined to be associated with fibromyalgia are
SLC64A4, TRPV2, MYT1L, and NRXN3. Fibromyalgia is an extensive
musculoskeletal pain disorder followed by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood troubles.
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) exacerbates painful sensations by altering the way the
brain and spinal cord process both painful and non-painful signals. While some
targeted treatments have shown promise in improving the condition of FMS patients in
the short term, there is an opportunity to delve deeper into the mechanisms at play.
With the aid of animal models, we can further explore the intricate interplay between
the brain and the spinal cord, identifying specific genes, loci, and potential failures
within the spinal cord that contribute to FMS.
Additionally, FMS has been linked to biogenic amine depletion and mitochondrial
dysfunction. These factors represent crucial avenues for investigation. This chapter
aims to spotlight the significant advancements in technology that facilitate personalized
or precision medicine approaches for FMS. Since FMS is closely tied to the
functioning of the brain and spinal cord, research using animal models offers a
promising avenue, as conducting experiments on patients presents logistical challenges.
Circadian Clock Modulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Cancer Treatment and Management
Page: 297-313 (17)
Author: Armiya Sultan*, Khalid Umar Fakhri, Tahira Sultan, Mohd Yasir Khan and Sher Ali
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010015
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
There is a time code to the genome instructing temporal regulation of
cellular activities. The time code is expressed in the form of circadian clocks composed
of many transcription, co-activator, and co-repressor factors. The transcriptiontranslation feedback loops generated collectively by these factors regulate daily ~24-
hour rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior across divergent phyla.
Genome-wide studies reflect that chronic disruption of circadian rhythms provides a
plinth for the occurrence and progression of multiple diseases across our lifespan.
Increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence are confirming that circadian
clocks are compromised in cancer. Altered expression of circadian clock components is
likely to be associated with the onset and progression of cancer. The concept of
targeting circadian clocks at the molecular level is rapidly evolving and opening a new
therapeutic window in cancer. Here we discuss the approaches and recent
advancements that have been made for the identification and development of clockmodulating small molecules bearing drug-like properties for the therapeutics and
therapeutic management of cancer. It is envisaged that this chapter will augment the
concepts of precision medicine in general and circadian-related system anomalies.
A Roadmap towards Precision Medicine for Multiple Sclerosis
Page: 314-332 (19)
Author: Nimisha Gupta and Saima Wajid*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010016
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease and this
affects roughly 2.8 million people worldwide. This is a highly heterogeneous disease in
terms of course, clinical symptoms and response treatment. The exact pathogenesis and
aetiology of this disease remain unknown. The lack of successful treatment can be
explained by the heterogeneous nature of MS with patients exhibiting widely disparate
clinical features and progression patterns resulting in phenotypic heterogeneity.
Therefore, there is a need for the development of biomarkers for MS. The “Omics”
approaches have been exploited for the development of biomarkers although the system
biology was taken into consideration. With the introduction of Omics approaches,
personalized medicine has gained potential revealing hitherto unseen elements of
illness causation, initiation and progression. This chapter will focus on the potential
role of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics in MS for the possible
identification of biomarkers facilitating and augmenting the concept of precision
medicine.
Role of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) Therapy in Personalized Cancer Treatment
Page: 333-352 (20)
Author: Rupali Ghosh and Saima Wajid*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010017
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
A major clinical challenge in treating cancer patients is the metastasis of
cells to distant organs forming secondary tumors. Many cancers are prone to metastasis
due to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers motility and invasive
properties to the tumor. EMT also contributes to chemotherapy resistance and
facilitates metastasis by generating cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, the EMT
program has therapeutic potential for personalized cancer treatment. In more severe
situations, this might destroy metastatic cancer cells that are already present or stop
tumour progression in high-risk patients who are at risk of developing metastatic
tumours. The options for developing EMT-based personalised cancer therapeutics are
covered in this chapter, along with a summary of the evidence supporting some of the
suggested EMT targets and a discussion on the possible benefits and drawbacks of each
strategy.
Oral Cancer and Prospects of Precision Medicine
Page: 353-366 (14)
Author: Piyush Bhati, Tassaduq Hussain Wani, Deepti Kaushik, Kanu Priya and Mohd. Tashfeen Ashraf*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010018
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Precision medicine is a systematic therapeutic approach that tailors the
overall treatment process as per an individual's unique characteristics; taking into
account the genomic makeup and lifestyle. This approach has shown promising results
in treating certain types of cancers, including that of highly heterogeneous oral cancer.
Oral cancer is a type of head and neck cancer mainly caused by poor oral hygiene,
alcohol, and tobacco abuse, and promotes HPV infection. The conventional approaches
for the treatment of oral cancer often rely on surgery, chemotherapy, and/or
radiotherapy. Now, precision medicine, with the advent of newer diagnostic
techniques, enables healthcare professionals to diagnose the disease early and treat the
patient with appropriate medicines and optimized doses. This ensures overall safety
while minimizing undesirable exposure to not-so-effective drug regimes. After a brief
introduction to precision medicine, this chapter details genetic mutations as targets for
precision medicine and the advantages of this approach in oral cancer treatment. It is
envisaged that this approach offers improved efficacy, safety, reduced side-effects, and
prepares the body’s immune response against oral cancer. Targeting specific proteins,
such as EGFR and HER2 to suppress tumor growth or make cancer cells more
susceptible to the immune system’s combat mechanism is also discussed followed by
an overview of various drugs that are being used to treat patients who are positive for
HER2 and EGFR. Various challenges and limitations of precision medicine and future
prospects for research in this area are highlighted.
Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents and Personalized Medicine
Page: 367-393 (27)
Author: Baby Tabassum* and Mohammad Hashim
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010019
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
India has a rich tradition of the use of herbal medicine since the time
immemorial. The treatment using plant-based medicaments became possible owing to
the rich medicinal plant biodiversity. Several spices used on a regular basis in food
preparation offer protection from a variety of ailments. Further, food consumption in
different parts of the country has evolved based on culture, tradition, weather, and
availability of resource materials. In a rural set-up, generally, the food is cruder but
natural and thus healthier. Food harnessing and garnishing have become a standard
practice to enhance the taste and look. Some of the herbs are used directly as food
whereas others as food additives. Simultaneously, a large number of phytoconstituents
have been characterized for their medicinal properties. In this chapter, we report on
Phytoconstituents used for herbal formulation and discuss their therapeutic potential in
human diseases. It is envisaged that such information would be of great use for
ameliorating diseases ensuring better health complementing the concept of
personalized medicine.
Phytoconstituents and their Therapeutic Potential in Precision Medicine
Page: 394-413 (20)
Author: Robeena Sarah, Nida Idrees and Baby Tabassum*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010020
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Spices and herbs have been an integral part of Indian cuisine since ancient
times. They are not only cherished for improving the flavor and taste of Indian food but
also confer their health benefits. Instant herbal remedies prepared from spices and
herbs found in the kitchens of Indian homes have been used to treat many ailments and
infections in a natural way. Most of the spices and herbs have high nutritional and antioxidant properties responsible for their medicinal effects. This is because of the
presence of phytochemicals in the plants. The emphasis of the current article is to
provide an overview of the therapeutic potentials elucidating the phytochemical
compositions of the key Indian plants. Many such plant products are used mainly as
spices in Indian cuisine. In this review, we aim to highlight the chemical constituents
and active factors of some of these spices and their pharmacological potential. We
believe that in-depth molecular characterization of these spices for all their chemical
constituents and their impact on cells, organs, and different organelles will provide a
wealth of information useful for human health. These findings may further be chiseled
in the form of personalized medicine.
High Altitude Hypoxia Stressor Associated Diseases and Precision Medicine
Page: 414-447 (34)
Author: Subhojit Paul, Anamika Gangwar, Swaraj Mohanthy and Yasmin Ahmad*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010021
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Hypoxia is a condition wherein an organism, a cell or a region of an organ
does not receive adequate levels of oxygen to carry out normal life processes. The
ability to sense oxygen levels and respond appropriately is termed “oxygen sensing”
which might be used in certain cases to describe the biological effects of hypoxia.
Hypoxia is an important facet involved in multiple diseases. Ranging from highaltitude pulmonary edema to cancer, oxygen-sensing molecular networks are crucial for
survival and have a notable impact on human health systems. The type, duration, and
intensity of hypoxic episodes have been found to have a multitude of effects ranging
from beneficial to harmful in diverse conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes and
obstructive sleep apnea. A very important niche of hypoxia is the study of
environmental stressors also called high-altitude hypoxia. High-altitude hypoxia holds
multiple molecular similarities with diabetes, cancer, obesity, and other diseases like
COPD. In addition, unregulated exposure to hypobaric hypoxia is known to directly
cause high-altitude illnesses like HAPE/HACE. An interesting facet of high-altitude
hypoxia is the ability of the molecular and physiological systems to acclimatize to the
high altitude. This acclimatization is known to prevent the occurrence of high-altitude
illnesses. This review highlights the previous studies to build a framework that
elucidates the occurrence of hypobaric hypoxia, its socio-economic impact, molecular
underpinnings, and correlation with inflammation, cancer, diabetes, obesity and
possible therapeutic approaches to these diseases.
Nanomaterials in Precision Medicine
Page: 448-463 (16)
Author: Radhika Chaurasia, Akshay A. Jain and Monalisa Mukherjee*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010022
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
The exigency for the most accurate form of diagnosis and treatment to
challenge the failure of evidence-based medicine unlocked new avenues for tailored
treatment. Precision Medicine encompasses the novel techniques and methods of
therapy considering the genetic complexity, variations, and mutations in the human
population. Recent advances in nanotechnology have paved a new path in therapeutics.
The fusion of Precision Medicine with cutting-edge nanotechnology has offered unique
headways into the healthcare management system. Novel approaches of nanoparticle
synthesis and drug delivery techniques to cure heterogeneous populations with varied
genetic alterations is now possible through precision medicine. This chapter highlights
the promising role of nanomaterials in precision oncology where conventional therapy
dwindles. Moreover, we discuss the emerging scope of precision medicine in dentistry
to cure genetic diseases. Cystic fibrosis, which was once a nightmare, is now
completely curable with the boon of Precision Nanomedicine. Precision medicine has
revolutionized the medical world with a ray of hope to achieve the pinnacle of human
health.
Nanotechnology, Drug Delivery and Prospects in Precision Medicine
Page: 464-510 (47)
Author: Rafat Ali, Mohd Adil, Armiya Sultan, Nida Jamil Khan and Romana Ishrat*
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010023
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the field of drug delivery
by enabling targeted and controlled release of drugs within the body. This article
provides an overview of the current state of the art in nanotechnology-based drug
delivery systems and their potential applications. It discusses the various types of
nanoparticles that are currently being used or developed for drug delivery, including
liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles, and highlights their advantages
and disadvantages. It also covers some of the key challenges and risks associated with
the use of nanotechnology in drug delivery, such as toxicity and regulatory issues.
Finally, the article explores the future prospects of nanotechnology in drug delivery and
highlights some of the areas where further research and development are needed.
Overall, the article demonstrates that nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems hold
great promise for improving the efficacy and safety of drug treatments and that ongoing research in this field has the potential to transform the way we approach drug
delivery in the future. Finally, it's envisaged that this technology will facilitate the
augmentation of precision medicine for better human health care across the spectrum of
diseases.
Therapeutic Dynamics of Tannin Interaction and Significance in Precision Medicine
Page: 511-524 (14)
Author: Mohammad Faheem Khan*, Waseem Ahmad Ansari and Kajim Ali
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010024
PDF Price: $30
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a targeted therapy that aims to provide people
suffering from complex illnesses with tailored-made healthcare. Taking this into
consideration, foods with diverse bioactive compounds have recently gained
widespread scientific interest as alternatives to modern drugs for developing
therapeutic agents against human diseases. Tannins are an important group of
polyphenol compounds in foods that have both beneficial and anti-nutritional effects.
As an anti-nutrient, they can reduce element bioavailability, and protein absorption,
and inhibit enzymatic actions during metabolism. If tannin-rich foods are consumed in
sufficient quantities and at the appropriate time, they may act similarly to natural drugs
that ameliorate a range of metabolic disorders. Thus, the types of tannin-rich foods and
the timing of consumption before or after meals should be considered for maximum
physiological importance in maintaining human health. In this chapter, we compiled
the different types of tannins and their food sources, as well as their beneficial and antinutrient effects on human health.
Subject Index
Page: 525-531 (7)
Author: Farzana Mahdi and Abbas Ali Mahdi
DOI: 10.2174/9789815223583124010025
Introduction
Precision Medicine and Human Health covers several aspects of precision medicine in 20 edited reviews by researchers and healthcare professionals. The breadth of information provided by the contributors aims to familiarize readers with basic and applied research in personalized therapy. Starting with an overview of the subject and its relationship with epigenetics, the book progresses into advanced topics that explain its wider applications. The use of precision medicine in treating different diseases such as protein misfolding disorders, gut ulcers and their effect on the gut microbiome, cancer treatment (for hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and oral cancer), fibromyalgia, high altitude sickness, and multiple sclerosis is explained. The book also covers modern therapeutic techniques to administer personalized therapy, including epithelial-mesenchymal therapy (EMT), circadian clock modulation, and artificial intelligence and phytoconstituents. The next chapters cover advanced technologies that are crucial to precision medicine, such as nanomaterials and advanced drug delivery systems. A concluding chapter on the therapeutic use of tannins in precision medicine rounds up the contents. Key Features: - Features 20 focused chapters contributed by scientific experts - Introduces readers to basic concepts in precision medicine - Covers the application of precision medicine in treating different diseases - Showcases several techniques used in experimental and clinical precision therapy - Explains modern technologies in precision medicine - Caters to a wide readership with introductions, structured headings, and references This is an informative reference for healthcare professionals in clinics and hospitals and any scholar who wants to learn about basic and applied knowledge in precision medicine.