Abstract
Sepsis is a fatal systemic inflammatory disease. It is caused by an immune system inflammatory response to the entry of microorganisms or their products into the blood circulatory system. The pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis are still poorly understood. The presence of microorganisms in the systemic circulation causes activation of the immune system, which in turn leads to a robust release of inflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory cytokines result in alterations across all important physiological systems, including the neuroendocrine system. Neuroendocrine responses differ between the acute and the late phase of sepsis. In the acute phase there are robust alterations in the secretion of neuroendocrine hormones in response to body demand. In the late phase, the plasma concentrations of some hormones remain low, despite heavy systemic demand, whereas several others increase despite of diminished needs. In this review, we give a brief overview on sepsis-induced major alterations in neuroendocrine secretions, and summarize current knowledge about mechanisms and targets for their treatment.
Keywords: Cytokines, hormonal therapy, hypothalamus, immune system, neuroendocrine system, neuroendocrinopathy, pituitary, sepsis.
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Recent Advances in the Understanding of Sepsis-Induced Alterations in the Neuroendocrine System
Volume: 13 Issue: 4
Author(s): Fazal Wahab, Bibi Atika, Gabriela R. Oliveira-Pelegrin and Maria J. A. Rocha
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cytokines, hormonal therapy, hypothalamus, immune system, neuroendocrine system, neuroendocrinopathy, pituitary, sepsis.
Abstract: Sepsis is a fatal systemic inflammatory disease. It is caused by an immune system inflammatory response to the entry of microorganisms or their products into the blood circulatory system. The pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis are still poorly understood. The presence of microorganisms in the systemic circulation causes activation of the immune system, which in turn leads to a robust release of inflammatory cytokines. These inflammatory cytokines result in alterations across all important physiological systems, including the neuroendocrine system. Neuroendocrine responses differ between the acute and the late phase of sepsis. In the acute phase there are robust alterations in the secretion of neuroendocrine hormones in response to body demand. In the late phase, the plasma concentrations of some hormones remain low, despite heavy systemic demand, whereas several others increase despite of diminished needs. In this review, we give a brief overview on sepsis-induced major alterations in neuroendocrine secretions, and summarize current knowledge about mechanisms and targets for their treatment.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Wahab Fazal, Atika Bibi, Oliveira-Pelegrin R. Gabriela and Rocha J. A. Maria, Recent Advances in the Understanding of Sepsis-Induced Alterations in the Neuroendocrine System, Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 2013; 13 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530313666131211120723
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530313666131211120723 |
Print ISSN 1871-5303 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3873 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cardiovascular Disease: A Target for the Pharmacological Effects of Quercetin
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Obesity and Cardiovascular Physiology: Impact of some Pharmacological Agents
Current Vascular Pharmacology Type 1 11 β-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase as Universal Drug Target in Metabolic Diseases?
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Nutraceuticals and their Novel Drug Delivery System: A Boon to Human Health
Current Nutrition & Food Science Pharmacological Characteristics of Parenteral IGF-I Administration
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Treatment of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Weighing Benefits and Risks
Current Alzheimer Research Third Generation Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging and Targeted Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Does Fluid Administration Based on Fluid Responsiveness Tests such as Passive Leg Raising Improve Outcomes in Sepsis?
Current Cardiology Reviews Cell Cycle Inhibition in Malignant Lymphoma: Disease Control by Attacking the Cellular Proliferation Machinery
Current Drug Targets Adrenomedullin: Exciting New Horizons
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Dehydroevodiamine•HCl Protects Against Memory Impairment and Cerebral Amyloid-β Production in Tg2576 Mice by Acting as a β-Secretase Inhibitor
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Beta-Blockers in the Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Which is the Best?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Peptide Family and their Receptors: Divergent Actions Influencing Human Physiology
Current Genomics Distribution, Bioactivities and Therapeutical Potentials of Pentagalloylglucopyranose
Current Bioactive Compounds Proteinase Inhibitors: A Promising Drug Class for Treating Leishmaniasis
Current Drug Targets New Strategies for Necrotizing Enterocolitis Diagnosis and Prevention in Newborns
Current Pediatric Reviews Treating High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C): Quantity Versus Quality
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antimicrobial Peptides from Anurans Skin Secretions
Protein & Peptide Letters Editorial [Hot Topic: Autoimmunity (Executive Editors: D. Stahl and W. Sibrowski)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin Combination in the Management of COVID-19 Infection: Safety and Effectiveness Challenges
Current Drug Safety