Abstract
The post-translational modifications of proteins by mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation involve the cleavage of βNAD+, with the release of its nicotinamide moiety, accompanied by the transfer of a single (mono) or several (poly) ADP-ribose molecules from βNAD+ to a specific amino-acid residue of various cellular proteins. Thus, both mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation are NAD+-consuming reactions. ADP-ribosylation reactions have been reported to have important roles in the nucleus, and in mitochondrial activity. Distinct subcellular NAD+ pools have been identified, not only in the nucleus and the mitochondria, but also in the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Recent reports have shed new light on the correlation between NAD+-dependent ADP-ribosylation reactions and the endoplasmic reticulum. We have demonstrated that ARTD15/PARP16 is a novel mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase with a new intracellular location, as it is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae that are interconnected in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. This intracellular compartment is responsible for many cellular functions, including facilitation of protein folding and assembly, biosynthesis of lipids, storage of intracellular Ca2+, and transport of proteins. ARTD15 might have a role in both the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling, through importinβ1 mono-ADP-ribosylation, and in the unfolded protein response through its ability to ADP-ribosylate two components of this pathway: PERK and IRE1. This review summarizes our present knowledge of the enzymes and targets involved in ADP-ribosylation reactions, with special regard to the novel regulatory reactions that occurs at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum, and that can affect the function of this organelle.
Keywords: ADP-ribosyltransferase, ARTD, ARTC, endoplasmic reticulum, Importinβ1, NAD, Post-translational modification, UPR.
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
Related Journals
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Current Bioactive Compounds
Current Cancer Drug Targets
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews
Current Diabetes Reviews
Current Drug Safety
Current Drug Targets
Current Drug Therapy
Related Books
Drug Addiction Mechanisms in the Brain
The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Attentive Arbiter of Inflammatory Response
Botanicals and Natural Bioactives: Prevention and Treatment of Diseases
Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research
Objective Pharmaceutics: A Comprehensive Compilation of Questions and Answers for Pharmaceutics Exam Prep
Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting Cardiovascular and Endocrine Systems
Frontiers In Medicinal Chemistry
Advanced Pharmacy
Plant-derived Hepatoprotective Drugs
Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry
45
