Abstract
Since the discovery that to enter target cells HIV uses receptors for the class of proteins known as chemokines, attempts have been made to generate anti-HIV molecules based on the chemokine ligands. A significant level of knowledge of the structure-activity relationships of chemokines has been amassed since the beginning of the 1990s. This, together with work that has elucidated the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory activity of chemokines, has guided not only the rational design of anti-HIV chemokine analogues, but also strategies by which chemokine variants with potent anti-HIV activity can be isolated from large libraries by phage display. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the structure-activity relationships and receptor biology of chemokines that is relevant to the development of analogues with anti-HIV activity. We present specific examples of engineered chemokine analogues with potent anti-HIV activity and describe the challenges that will need to be faced if these molecules are to be further developed for clinical applications. Finally, we discuss how these challenges might be met through further engineering of the molecules.
Keywords: chemokine, hiv, coreceptor, structure-activity, aop-rantes
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title: Engineering Chemokines to Develop Optimized HIV Inhibitors
Volume: 6 Issue: 3
Author(s): Oliver Hartley and Robin E. Offord
Affiliation:
Keywords: chemokine, hiv, coreceptor, structure-activity, aop-rantes
Abstract: Since the discovery that to enter target cells HIV uses receptors for the class of proteins known as chemokines, attempts have been made to generate anti-HIV molecules based on the chemokine ligands. A significant level of knowledge of the structure-activity relationships of chemokines has been amassed since the beginning of the 1990s. This, together with work that has elucidated the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory activity of chemokines, has guided not only the rational design of anti-HIV chemokine analogues, but also strategies by which chemokine variants with potent anti-HIV activity can be isolated from large libraries by phage display. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the structure-activity relationships and receptor biology of chemokines that is relevant to the development of analogues with anti-HIV activity. We present specific examples of engineered chemokine analogues with potent anti-HIV activity and describe the challenges that will need to be faced if these molecules are to be further developed for clinical applications. Finally, we discuss how these challenges might be met through further engineering of the molecules.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hartley Oliver and Offord E. Robin, Engineering Chemokines to Develop Optimized HIV Inhibitors, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2005; 6 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203054065400
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203054065400 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein Folding, Aggregation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation remain one of the main problems of interdisciplinary science not only because many questions are still open, but also because they are important from the point of view of practical application. Protein aggregation and formation of fibrillar structures, for example, is a hallmark of a ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Natural Compounds with Proteasome Inhibitory Activity for Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Current Protein & Peptide Science Techniques and Strategies to Analyze Neural Progenitor Cell Migration
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Formulation and Application of Biodegradable Nanoparticles Based Biopharmaceutical Delivery - An Efficient Delivery System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identification of Genes Associated with Lung Adenocarcinoma Prognosis
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: Autoimmune-Cancer Nexus in the Skin
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Activity of Some Pyrroles and Fused Pyrroles
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Recombinant Human p53 Adenovirus Injection (rAd-p53) Combined with Chemotherapy for 4 Cases of High-grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Current Gene Therapy Mucosal T Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Current Drug Targets Anti-Apoptotic Actions of Insulin-Like Growth Factors: Lessons from Development and Implications in Neoplastic Cell Transformation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Molecular Genetics and Targeted Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Current Cancer Drug Targets A Role for the Inflammatory Mediators Cox-2 and Metalloproteinases in Cancer Stemness
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry DNA Double Strand Break Repair - Related Synthetic Lethality
Current Medicinal Chemistry Baculovirus as Vaccine Vectors
Current Gene Therapy Ligament and Tendon Repair through Regeneration Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Thrombocytopenia in HIV Disease: Clinical Relevance, Physiopathology and Management
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Novel Patents Targeting Interleukin-17A; Implications in Cancer and Inflammation
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Immunotherapy Resistance Mechanisms in Renal Cell Cancer
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Molecular Biomarkers for Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Short Review
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews Enasidenib: First Mutant IDH2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Salinomycin: A Novel Anti-Cancer Agent with Known Anti-Coccidial Activities
Current Medicinal Chemistry