Abstract
Introduction: Cigarette smoking causes devastating disease worldwide. Current cigarette classification is based on standardised tar mass values obtained from smoking-machines. However, their ability to predict disease is poor, and these mass values are primarily determined by larger particles. The aim of our study is to investigate in how far claimed tar values also reflect smaller tar particles in cigarette smoke.
Methods: We developed a method to measure size-resolved particle distributions based on experimentally selecting conditions that revealed the least variety within different smoking regimes, puff numbers, diluted and undiluted ageing times, and filter taping. Next, we analysed three cigarettes types with different tar values. Cigarettes were smoked by a Cerulean SM-450 smoking machine, and subsequently smoke samples were diluted and collected in Tedlar® bags and measured for size-resolved particle distributions by a universal optical aerosol spectrometer.
Results: Our method involved a smoking regime according to ISO 3308, the sixth puff, and no delayed ageing. We attained valid size-resolved particle distributions between 250 and 1,000 nm. The results revealed similar total particle counts across different cigarette types, though with different size-resolved particle distributions. In particular, smaller particles in lower tar cigarettes were underestimated.
Conclusion: We developed a method to investigate submicron size-resolved particle distributions in cigarette smoke in order to compare cigarettes with different tar values. Our study suggests that mass-based tar values are a poor reflection of smaller particles in mainstream cigarette smoke, and hence supports the opinion that current tar values are a poor predictor of disease-risk and therefore that they are deceptive to smokers.
Keywords: Cigarette, nicotine, optical spectrometry, particle count, particle mass, size-resolved particle distribution, smoke, smoke characterization, smoke dynamics, tar
Current Analytical Chemistry
Title:Application of Cigarette Smoke Characterisation Based on Optical Aerosol Spectrometry. Dynamics and Comparisons with Tar Values
Volume: 8 Issue: 3
Author(s): Wouter D. van Dijk, R. Cremers, W. Klerx, Tjard R.J. Schermer and Paul T.J. Scheepers
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cigarette, nicotine, optical spectrometry, particle count, particle mass, size-resolved particle distribution, smoke, smoke characterization, smoke dynamics, tar
Abstract: Introduction: Cigarette smoking causes devastating disease worldwide. Current cigarette classification is based on standardised tar mass values obtained from smoking-machines. However, their ability to predict disease is poor, and these mass values are primarily determined by larger particles. The aim of our study is to investigate in how far claimed tar values also reflect smaller tar particles in cigarette smoke.
Methods: We developed a method to measure size-resolved particle distributions based on experimentally selecting conditions that revealed the least variety within different smoking regimes, puff numbers, diluted and undiluted ageing times, and filter taping. Next, we analysed three cigarettes types with different tar values. Cigarettes were smoked by a Cerulean SM-450 smoking machine, and subsequently smoke samples were diluted and collected in Tedlar® bags and measured for size-resolved particle distributions by a universal optical aerosol spectrometer.
Results: Our method involved a smoking regime according to ISO 3308, the sixth puff, and no delayed ageing. We attained valid size-resolved particle distributions between 250 and 1,000 nm. The results revealed similar total particle counts across different cigarette types, though with different size-resolved particle distributions. In particular, smaller particles in lower tar cigarettes were underestimated.
Conclusion: We developed a method to investigate submicron size-resolved particle distributions in cigarette smoke in order to compare cigarettes with different tar values. Our study suggests that mass-based tar values are a poor reflection of smaller particles in mainstream cigarette smoke, and hence supports the opinion that current tar values are a poor predictor of disease-risk and therefore that they are deceptive to smokers.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
D. van Dijk Wouter, Cremers R., Klerx W., R.J. Schermer Tjard and T.J. Scheepers Paul, Application of Cigarette Smoke Characterisation Based on Optical Aerosol Spectrometry. Dynamics and Comparisons with Tar Values, Current Analytical Chemistry 2012; 8 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341112801264897
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157341112801264897 |
Print ISSN 1573-4110 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6727 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in biomedicine, corrosion inhibition/monitoring, and lubrication of carbon dots
Carbon dots, a class of carbon-based nanomaterials, have garnered substantial interest in various scientific and engineering fields due to their unique properties, including excellent optical properties, outstanding biocompatibility, easy preparation, good dispersity, ultrasmall size, low toxicity and environmental friendliness. This special issue of Current Analytical Chemistry aims to showcase cutting-edge ...read more
Applications of artificial intelligence in chemical analysis
Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its versatility in almost all scientific fields, especially analytical chemistry, which is leading the way in the integration of AI. According to Chemical Abstract Services, one of the major disciplines contributing to AI-related publications and patents is analytical chemistry. That?s because techniques such as deep ...read more
Bioanalytical and Biosensor Technologies for Target Molecules
Bioanalytical and biosensor technologies constitute the core of detecting and sensing diverse molecules within living organisms, encompassing proteins, DNA, small molecular metabolites, and beyond. These molecules assume pivotal roles in biological processes, rendering their analysis and sensing indispensable for comprehending biological phenomena and unraveling disease mechanisms. In the current landscape ...read more
Biogeochemistry: global environmental research and management
his issue focuses on the bio-pathways of trace elements (Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, Cd, Pb, Zn and REE) in soil, plant and atmospheric systems. Specific interest in the application of phytotechnologies that utilise hyperaccumulator plants (agro/phytomining). On the basis of understanding the migration and transformation of trace elements in ecosystem, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Anti-Cancer Effects of a New Docosahexaenoic Acid Monoacylglyceride in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Stem Cell Differentiation Stage Factors from Zebrafish Embryo: A Novel Strategy to Modulate the Fate of Normal and Pathological Human (Stem) Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Targeted Therapy in Advanced Gastric Carcinoma: The Future is Beginning
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Role of the RhoA/rho-kinase Pathway in Pulmonary Hypertension
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Cytosine Methyltransferases as Tumor Markers
Current Genomics Inflammasome in Dendritic Cells Immunobiology: Implications to Diseases and Therapeutic Strategies
Current Drug Targets Detection and Specific Targeting of Hypoxic Regions within Solid Tumors: Current Preclinical and Clinical Strategies
Current Medicinal Chemistry LRIGs: A Prognostically Significant Family with Emerging Therapeutic Competence against Cancers
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Medicinal Chemistry of Theragnostics, Multimodality Imaging and Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Advances in the Management of Malignant Hemopathies: The Role of Statins
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences TLR7/9 Antagonists as Therapeutics for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Inhibitors of the Sphingosine Kinase Pathway as Potential Therapeutics
Current Cancer Drug Targets New and Highly Potent Antitumor Natural Products from Marine-Derived Fungi: Covering the Period from 2003 to 2012
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry miR-149 as a Potential Molecular Target for Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Molecular Modeling of Peptide Derivatives NS3 Protease Inhibitors of the Type 2 Dengue Virus
Current Physical Chemistry Anti-Cancer Therapy: Targeting the Mevalonate Pathway
Current Cancer Drug Targets Nanoparticle Systems Modulating Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Editorial [Targeting Genetic Instability in Cancer Cells (Guest Editor: Francesco Colotta)]
Current Drug Targets Porphyrins as Radiosensitizing Agents for Solid Neoplasms
Current Pharmaceutical Design Polymorphisms in Methotrexate Pathways: What Is Clinically Relevant, What Is Not, and What Is Promising
Current Drug Metabolism