The General Practitioners Role in Promoting Physical Activity to Older Adults: A Review Based on Program Theory

Timo      Hinrichs; Michael      Brach

Abstract

Positive influences of physical activity both on many chronic diseases and on preservation of mobility are well documented. But chronically ill or mobility restricted elderly living in their own homes are difficult to reach for interventions. The general practitioners (GP) surgery offers one of the few opportunities to give advice for physical activity to those people. We used program theory to sound out knowledge on GP-centered physical activity counseling. The “conceptual theory” (evidence for training effects in old age) and the “implementation theory” (unique position of the GP) were reviewed narratively. The “action theory” (effects of GP counseling) was reviewed systematically. According to program theory, appropriate MeSH (Medical subject headings) concepts were Aged OR Aged, 80 and over (Target group), Physicians, Family OR Primary Health Care (Implementation/Setting), Counseling OR Patient Education as Topic OR Disease Management OR Health promotion (Intervention), Exercise OR Motor Activity OR Physical Fitness OR Sports (Determinants). The resulting six review papers (Pubmed, 2000-2009) were presented using the STARLITE mnemonic. Authors agree, that the GP plays a central role in the promotion of physical activity to elderly people, but there is conflicting evidence concerning counseling effectiveness. Utilizing behavioral change strategies and the collaboration between GPs and specialised professions are recommended and currently under research.

Keywords: Aged, Counseling, Patient education, Motor activity, Exercise, Family physicians, Primary Health Care, Program theory, moderate activity, Health behavior, Health promotion, Activities of daily living, Physical activity, Sports, Rehabilitation, Public health, General practitioner, community study, vigorous activity, odds ratio