Abstract
Nelfinavir (Viracept®) was originally designed as a specific HIV protease inhibitor and, since its introduction in 1997, has served as an effective, reliable, and well-tolerated HIV drug. Although nelfinavir is being increasingly displaced by second generation HIV protease inhibitors that allow better combination treatments, it has again become a focus of interest due to an interesting paradoxical effect: nelfinavir inhibits experimentally-induced tissue degeneration or cell damage by preventing loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and even protects mitochondria in cancer cells but, conversely, it selectively induces a mitochondria-independent cell death mechanism in cancer cells by the so-called endoplasmic reticulum/unfolded protein stress response, allowing nelfinavir to act on otherwise chemo-resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, anti-microbial effects of nelfinavir have been described, including an efficacy against malaria, tuberculosis, and SARS, mostly by cross-reacting with microbial aspartic proteases. Several cancer-related clinical studies on nelfinavir as a single agent or in combination therapies have been launched and are expected to add to the usefulness of this versatile drug for cancer treatment strategies or other purposes.
Keywords: Nelfinavir, HIV, protease inhibitor, cancer, endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, mitochondria
Current Molecular Pharmacology
Title: New Prospects for Nelfinavir in Non-HIV-Related Diseases
Volume: 3
Author(s): Ansgar Bruning, Andrea Gingelmaier, Klaus Friese and Ioannis Mylonas
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nelfinavir, HIV, protease inhibitor, cancer, endoplasmic reticulum, apoptosis, mitochondria
Abstract: Nelfinavir (Viracept®) was originally designed as a specific HIV protease inhibitor and, since its introduction in 1997, has served as an effective, reliable, and well-tolerated HIV drug. Although nelfinavir is being increasingly displaced by second generation HIV protease inhibitors that allow better combination treatments, it has again become a focus of interest due to an interesting paradoxical effect: nelfinavir inhibits experimentally-induced tissue degeneration or cell damage by preventing loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and even protects mitochondria in cancer cells but, conversely, it selectively induces a mitochondria-independent cell death mechanism in cancer cells by the so-called endoplasmic reticulum/unfolded protein stress response, allowing nelfinavir to act on otherwise chemo-resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, anti-microbial effects of nelfinavir have been described, including an efficacy against malaria, tuberculosis, and SARS, mostly by cross-reacting with microbial aspartic proteases. Several cancer-related clinical studies on nelfinavir as a single agent or in combination therapies have been launched and are expected to add to the usefulness of this versatile drug for cancer treatment strategies or other purposes.
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Cite this article as:
Bruning Ansgar, Gingelmaier Andrea, Friese Klaus and Mylonas Ioannis, New Prospects for Nelfinavir in Non-HIV-Related Diseases, Current Molecular Pharmacology 2010; 3 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467211003020091
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467211003020091 |
Print ISSN 1874-4672 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1874-4702 |
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