Abstract
Peptidoglycan is the major structural component of bacterial cell walls. In this era of increasingly antibiotic resistant pathogens, peptidoglycan hydrolases that degrade this important cell wall structure have emerged as a potential novel source of new antimicrobials. Included in this class are bacteriocins (lysostaphin), lysozyme, and bacteriophage endolysins. Bacteriophage are viruses that infect and utilize bacteria as their host. They can reside in the bacterial genome as a prophage, or enter the lytic phase, take over the bacterial gene expression machinery, synthesize new phage particles, lyse the host, and release up to hundreds of phage progeny. Lysis occurs during the late phase of the lytic cycle when the phage endolysin and a holin molecule are produced. The holin creates holes in the cells lipid bilayer allowing the phage endolysin (peptidoglycan hydrolase) to escape and degrade the structural portion of the cell wall. These (and other phage encoded proteins) have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth. The ability to inhibit growth or kill bacteria make both the bacteriophage and their gene products a rich source of potential antimicrobials. This review summarizes the recent resurgence of these potential antimicrobials as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents and identifies recent patents that describe these technologies.
Keywords: Bacteriophage, endolysin, lysin, holin, peptidoglycan hydrolase, lysozyme, lysostaphin, antibiotic resistance
Recent Patents on Biotechnology
Title: Bacteriophage and Peptidoglycan Degrading Enzymes with Antimicrobial Applications
Volume: 1 Issue: 2
Author(s): David M. Donovan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bacteriophage, endolysin, lysin, holin, peptidoglycan hydrolase, lysozyme, lysostaphin, antibiotic resistance
Abstract: Peptidoglycan is the major structural component of bacterial cell walls. In this era of increasingly antibiotic resistant pathogens, peptidoglycan hydrolases that degrade this important cell wall structure have emerged as a potential novel source of new antimicrobials. Included in this class are bacteriocins (lysostaphin), lysozyme, and bacteriophage endolysins. Bacteriophage are viruses that infect and utilize bacteria as their host. They can reside in the bacterial genome as a prophage, or enter the lytic phase, take over the bacterial gene expression machinery, synthesize new phage particles, lyse the host, and release up to hundreds of phage progeny. Lysis occurs during the late phase of the lytic cycle when the phage endolysin and a holin molecule are produced. The holin creates holes in the cells lipid bilayer allowing the phage endolysin (peptidoglycan hydrolase) to escape and degrade the structural portion of the cell wall. These (and other phage encoded proteins) have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth. The ability to inhibit growth or kill bacteria make both the bacteriophage and their gene products a rich source of potential antimicrobials. This review summarizes the recent resurgence of these potential antimicrobials as both diagnostic and therapeutic agents and identifies recent patents that describe these technologies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Donovan M. David, Bacteriophage and Peptidoglycan Degrading Enzymes with Antimicrobial Applications, Recent Patents on Biotechnology 2007; 1 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187220807780809463
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187220807780809463 |
Print ISSN 1872-2083 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-4012 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Plant Genetics and Genomics
This thematic issue will highlight cutting-edge innovations and recent patents across the breadth of plant genetics and genomics. Key topics will include advanced breeding techniques, omics-based approaches, gene editing, trait discovery, and translational applications for crop improvement. Renowned researchers from leading institutions worldwide will provide state-of-the-art insights and future perspectives ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Mechanisms of Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions and the Skin
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery New Imaging Tracers for the Infected Diabetic Foot (Nuclear and Optical Imaging)
Current Pharmaceutical Design Radiolabeled Organism-Specific Antibodies for Diagnosis and Therapy of Infections
Current Medical Imaging Pseudomonas aeruginosa Invades Human Aortic Endothelial Cells and Induces Cell Damage in vitro
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Inside the Pan-genome - Methods and Software Overview
Current Genomics Systemic Inflammatory Response as a Risk and Prognosis Factor in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Nuclear Imaging of Post-infarction Inflammation in Ischemic Cardiac Diseases - New Radiotracers for Potential Clinical Applications
Current Radiopharmaceuticals Fibrinogen Signal Transduction as a Mediator and Therapeutic Target in Inflammation:Lessons from Multiple Sclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Multiple Drugs Causing Severe Anemia in Infective Endocarditis
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Management of Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Current Cardiology Reviews First Report on the Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus Capitis</i> Isolates and an NRCS-A-clone Related Isolate Obtained from Iranian Children
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Receptor Binding Ligands to Image Infection
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Options and Emerging Alternatives for Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcal Infections
Current Pharmaceutical Design Platelets as Potential Immunomodulators: Is There a Role for Platelet Toll-Like Receptors?
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) The Radionuclide Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Current Cancer Drug Targets New Synthetic Antibiotics for the Treatment of Enterococcus and Campylobacter Infection
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Acute Cardioembolic Cerebral Infarction: Answers to Clinical Questions
Current Cardiology Reviews Intracellular Life of Coxiella burnetii in Macrophages: Insight into Q Fever Immunopathology
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Complementary Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Current Drug Targets Association of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Aspects of Linezolid with Infection Outcome
Current Drug Metabolism