Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is characterized by obvious inflammatory cell aggregations, up-regulation of cytokine expression, and increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. Like systemic bacterial infections, cerebral injury is also associated with innate immunity, a specific immunologic response that utilizes Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The involvement of TLRs in cerebral ischemia is now being confirmed using animal models. Recent reports reveal that mice that lack TLR2 and TLR4 show improved stroke outcomes and that TLR2 and 4 may contribute to neuronal injury that occurs after cerebral ischemia. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports concerning the association of TLRs with cerebral ischemia.
Keywords: Cerebral ischemia, inflammation, innate immunity, mouse, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), Toll-like receptor (TLR), HMGB1, HSP60, IFN-, IRF3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microglia, middle cerebral artery occlusion, MMP, MyD88, neuron, NF-B, pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs), pattern-recognition receptor (PPR), TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR9, TNF-, Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR), TRIF
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Involvement of Toll-like Receptors in Ischemia-induced Neuronal Damage
Volume: 11 Issue: 2
Author(s): Junya Hamanaka and Hideaki Hara
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cerebral ischemia, inflammation, innate immunity, mouse, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), Toll-like receptor (TLR), HMGB1, HSP60, IFN-, IRF3, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microglia, middle cerebral artery occlusion, MMP, MyD88, neuron, NF-B, pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs), pattern-recognition receptor (PPR), TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR9, TNF-, Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR), TRIF
Abstract: Cerebral ischemia is characterized by obvious inflammatory cell aggregations, up-regulation of cytokine expression, and increased expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. Like systemic bacterial infections, cerebral injury is also associated with innate immunity, a specific immunologic response that utilizes Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The involvement of TLRs in cerebral ischemia is now being confirmed using animal models. Recent reports reveal that mice that lack TLR2 and TLR4 show improved stroke outcomes and that TLR2 and 4 may contribute to neuronal injury that occurs after cerebral ischemia. In this review, we have summarized these recent reports concerning the association of TLRs with cerebral ischemia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hamanaka Junya and Hara Hideaki, Involvement of Toll-like Receptors in Ischemia-induced Neuronal Damage, Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 11 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152411796011312
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152411796011312 |
Print ISSN 1871-5249 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6166 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Admission, 24 Hours and Discharge Troponin T Among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients: Differing by Prognostic Contribution
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Enzyme / Abzyme Prodrug Activation Systems: Potential Use in Clinical Oncology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Intravenous Antihypertensives within Cardiovascular-Based Continuity of Care
Current Vascular Pharmacology Synthetic and Natural Coumarins as Antioxidants
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Inflammation in Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Potential Role of Erythropoietin as a Pleiotropic Agent in Post-cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pleiotropic, Cardioprotective Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry In Silico Identification of Novel Orthosteric Inhibitors of Sphingosine Kinase 1 (SK1)
Current Protein & Peptide Science Subject Index Volume 2
Current Pediatric Reviews Advanced Glycation and ROS: A Link between Diabetes and Heart Failure
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Need to Treat
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Development of Nitric Oxide Donors for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pericyte: Potential Target for Hemorrhagic Stroke Prevention and Treatment
Current Drug Delivery Investigation of In Vitro Antiurolithic Property of Purified Polyphenols from Selected Medicinal Plants to Inhibit Renal Calculi
Current Traditional Medicine Mild and Green Protocol for Selective Deuteration of Quercetin-3-ORutinoside (Rutin) Under Aqueous Basic Conditions
Current Green Chemistry Neutrophil MiRNA-128-3p is Decreased During Active Phase of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Current Genomics Cytokines in the Central Nervous System: Targets for Therapeutic Intervention
Current Drug Targets - CNS & Neurological Disorders Health Benefits of Honey: Implications for Treating Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Nutrition & Food Science Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimers Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Hypothyroidism and Endothelial Function: A Marker of Early Atherosclerosis?
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery