Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for complications of atherosclerotic vascular disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent studies have demonstrated that the vascular risk associated with obesity is correlated particularly with visceral adiposity. These clinical observations indicate that various adipose tissue depots may have differential effects on vascular risk. Cellular constituents of adipose tissue secrete cytokines and chemokines that may affect vascular disease. Visceral fat has been demonstrated to express more inflammatory cytokines than subcutaneous fat in obese states. The adipose tissue secretory profile may reflect the influx of macrophages that has been shown to occur with expansion of fat stores. This macrophage infiltration may lead to a chronic low grade, systemic, inflammatory state. Since circulating markers of inflammation are associated with cardiovascular events, the inflammation triggered by adipose tissue may contribute to increased vascular disease. While the vasculopathic effects of visceral obesity may be best treated by weight loss, long term weight loss is difficult to achieve, even with currently available pharmacotherapies. Therapies that target macrophage accumulation in fat or the adipocyte expression profile may be potentially beneficial in reducing the vascular risk associated with obesity. Further characterization of the factors responsible for promoting atherosclerosis in the setting of visceral obesity may lead to new targets for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Inflammation, adipocyte, macrophage, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title: Visceral Adipose Tissue and Atherosclerosis
Volume: 7 Issue: 2
Author(s): Miina K. Ohman, Andrew P. Wright, Kevin J. Wickenheiser, Wei Luo and Daniel T. Eitzman
Affiliation:
Keywords: Inflammation, adipocyte, macrophage, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis
Abstract: Obesity is a risk factor for complications of atherosclerotic vascular disease such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Recent studies have demonstrated that the vascular risk associated with obesity is correlated particularly with visceral adiposity. These clinical observations indicate that various adipose tissue depots may have differential effects on vascular risk. Cellular constituents of adipose tissue secrete cytokines and chemokines that may affect vascular disease. Visceral fat has been demonstrated to express more inflammatory cytokines than subcutaneous fat in obese states. The adipose tissue secretory profile may reflect the influx of macrophages that has been shown to occur with expansion of fat stores. This macrophage infiltration may lead to a chronic low grade, systemic, inflammatory state. Since circulating markers of inflammation are associated with cardiovascular events, the inflammation triggered by adipose tissue may contribute to increased vascular disease. While the vasculopathic effects of visceral obesity may be best treated by weight loss, long term weight loss is difficult to achieve, even with currently available pharmacotherapies. Therapies that target macrophage accumulation in fat or the adipocyte expression profile may be potentially beneficial in reducing the vascular risk associated with obesity. Further characterization of the factors responsible for promoting atherosclerosis in the setting of visceral obesity may lead to new targets for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ohman K. Miina, Wright P. Andrew, Wickenheiser J. Kevin, Luo Wei and Eitzman T. Daniel, Visceral Adipose Tissue and Atherosclerosis, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2009; 7 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016109787455680
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016109787455680 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Vitamin D and Vascular Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Anti-Diabetic Compounds and their Patent Information: An Update
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery The Emerging Role of Arginase in Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes
Current Vascular Pharmacology Synthesis and Evaluation of A New Series of Thiazole Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents and MMP Inhibitors
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Smart Delivery and Controlled Drug Release with Gold Nanoparticles: New Frontiers in Nanomedicine
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine From Na+/K+-ATPase and Cardiac Glycosides to Cytotoxicity and Cancer Treatment
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of the DDAH/ADMA Pathway
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Patents on Topical Anesthetics
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Cerebral Hypoperfusion During Carotid Artery Stenosis can Lead to Cognitive Deficits that may be Independent of White Matter Lesion Load
Current Neurovascular Research Why Does Obesity Increase the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Diabetic Vascular Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Porphyromonas Gingivalis Antigenic Determinants - Potential Targets for the Vaccine Development against Periodontitis
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets Evaluation of Serine Protease Inhibitors as Potent FVIIa-sTF Inhibitors in the Blood Coagulation Cascade
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Molecular and Biochemical Changes of the Cardiovascular System due to Smoking Exposure
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of the Heme Oxygenase System in the Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2: A Doorway for SARS-CoV-2
Coronaviruses Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT)-Mediated Methylation Metabolism of Endogenous Bioactive Catechols and Modulation by Endobiotics and Xenobiotics: Importance in Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis
Current Drug Metabolism Prevalence of Pre-Existing Risk Factors for Adverse Events Associated with Atypical Antipsychotics Among Commercially Insured and Medicaid Insured Patients Newly Initiating Atypical Antipsychotics
Current Drug Safety Classical and New Renin-Angiotensin Signalling in Atherosclerosis
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Sex-Genetic Interaction in the Risk for Cerebrovascular Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry