Abstract
During the last decades, the rapid development in molecular biology has contributed to the understanding of genetic factors underlying many adverse drug reactions. Until recently, most research in this area has focused on genes coding for drug-metabolizing enzymes. Inactivating mutations have been found in genes coding for enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P-450 system, which is the major system for drug metabolism in humans, but also in genes coding for other enzymes. Subjects with a lack of functional activity in these enzymes should be treated with very low doses of drugs metabolized by the same enzyme in order to avoid excessive drug levels and thereby toxic effects. In the last years, increasing attention has been directed towards genes coding for drug targets. Hitherto, most studies have been carried out on single genes known to be or assumed to be functionally related to a given adverse drug reaction. Another approach, which may become more common in the future, is testing for complex single nucleotide polymorphism patterns that may be associated with adverse drug reactions, although the functional relationship between them may be completely unknown. Due to the influence of non-genetic factors in the development of adverse drug reactions, the association between a specific genotype and an adverse drug reaction will always be lower than 100%. Therefore, there is a need for prospective large-scale studies in order to elucidate the extent of environmental influences on the adverse drug reactions for which a genetic basis has been suggested. Despite these obstacles, pharmacogenetic testing will hopefully in the future identify at least some clear-cut situations where a drug should be avoided in certain individuals in order to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions.
Keywords: Genotyping, drug-metabolizing enzymes, pharmacogenetic
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry
Title: Genotyping as a Tool to Predict Adverse Drug Reactions
Volume: 4 Issue: 13
Author(s): Cuneyt Guzey and Olav Spigset
Affiliation:
Keywords: Genotyping, drug-metabolizing enzymes, pharmacogenetic
Abstract: During the last decades, the rapid development in molecular biology has contributed to the understanding of genetic factors underlying many adverse drug reactions. Until recently, most research in this area has focused on genes coding for drug-metabolizing enzymes. Inactivating mutations have been found in genes coding for enzymes belonging to the cytochrome P-450 system, which is the major system for drug metabolism in humans, but also in genes coding for other enzymes. Subjects with a lack of functional activity in these enzymes should be treated with very low doses of drugs metabolized by the same enzyme in order to avoid excessive drug levels and thereby toxic effects. In the last years, increasing attention has been directed towards genes coding for drug targets. Hitherto, most studies have been carried out on single genes known to be or assumed to be functionally related to a given adverse drug reaction. Another approach, which may become more common in the future, is testing for complex single nucleotide polymorphism patterns that may be associated with adverse drug reactions, although the functional relationship between them may be completely unknown. Due to the influence of non-genetic factors in the development of adverse drug reactions, the association between a specific genotype and an adverse drug reaction will always be lower than 100%. Therefore, there is a need for prospective large-scale studies in order to elucidate the extent of environmental influences on the adverse drug reactions for which a genetic basis has been suggested. Despite these obstacles, pharmacogenetic testing will hopefully in the future identify at least some clear-cut situations where a drug should be avoided in certain individuals in order to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Guzey Cuneyt and Spigset Olav, Genotyping as a Tool to Predict Adverse Drug Reactions, Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2004; 4 (13) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026043387791
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026043387791 |
Print ISSN 1568-0266 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4294 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Chemistry Based on Natural Products for Therapeutic Purposes
The development of new pharmaceuticals for a wide range of medical conditions has long relied on the identification of promising natural products (NPs). There are over sixty percent of cancer, infectious illness, and CNS disease medications that include an NP pharmacophore, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Since NP ...read more
Current Trends in Drug Discovery Based on Artificial Intelligence and Computer-Aided Drug Design
Drug development discovery has faced several challenges over the years. In fact, the evolution of classical approaches to modern methods using computational methods, or Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD), has shown promising and essential results in any drug discovery campaign. Among these methods, molecular docking is one of the most notable ...read more
Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
In the age of artificial intelligence (AI), we have witnessed a significant boom in AI techniques for drug discovery. AI techniques are increasingly integrated and accelerating the drug discovery process. These developments have not only attracted the attention of academia and industry but also raised important questions regarding the selection ...read more
From Biodiversity to Chemical Diversity: Focus of Flavonoids
Flavonoids are the largest group of polyphenols, plant secondary metabolites arising from the essential aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (or more rarely from tyrosine) via the phenylpropanoid pathway. The flavan nucleus is the basic 15-carbon skeleton of flavonoids (C6-C3-C6), which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and a heterocyclic ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Family C 7TM Receptor Dimerization and Activation
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Imaging of Spinal Bone Tumors: Principles and Practice
Current Medical Imaging Human ABC Transporters at blood-CNS Interfaces as Determinants of CNS Drug Penetration
Current Pharmaceutical Design No Significant Effect of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone on APP Processing and Alzheimer-Associated Phenotypes
Current Alzheimer Research Targeting SphK1 as a New Strategy against Cancer
Current Drug Targets Cardiovascular Effects of Omega-3 Free Fatty Acids.
Current Vascular Pharmacology Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Intra-Renal Hemodynamic Changes After Habitual Physical Activity in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Three Amino Acid Derivatives of Valproic Acid: Design, Synthesis, Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation as Anticancer Agents
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in Vascular Biology: Possible Therapeutic Strategies to Control Vascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of the Oxysterol/EBI2 Pathway in the Immune and Central Nervous Systems
Current Drug Targets Substance Abuse and Movement Disorders
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Human Skeletal Muscle Aging and the Oxidative System: Cellular Events
Current Aging Science Pharmacological Manipulation of Biliary Water and Lipids: Potential Consequences for Prevention of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Advent and Maturation of Regenerative Medicine
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Muscarinic Receptors as Targets for Metronomic Therapy in Breast Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Gene Expression Studies to Investigate Disease Mechanisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Does Angiogenesis Play a Role?
Current Rheumatology Reviews Gene Therapy by Liver Transplantation and Single Stranded Oligonucleotides (SSOs) in Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP)
Current Pharmacogenomics Protein Misfolding in Disease and Small Molecule Therapies
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Gene Expression Analysis Approach to Establish Possible Links Between Parkinson's Disease, Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets