Abstract
The immunophilin ligands cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin are best known for their immunosuppressive properties and their clinical use in transplantation medicine. These compounds or their analogs are also clinically used or investigated in various types of cancer, coronary angioplasty, dermatology, hepatitis C infections, and neuroprotection. Furthermore, the role of immunophilins in various pathologies is increasingly being recognized, supporting the preclinical drug development for novel immunophilin targets. Finally, immunophilin ligands are widely used as sophisticated tools in chemical biology. This review shows the progress on three major areas made in the last five years. An update of the immunosuppressive ligands and their clinical applications is discussed in the first part of the review, followed by a discussion about the emerging immunophilin targets and their respective ligands. The final section gives a detailed assessment of immunophilin ligand-based tools.
Keywords: FK506, rapamycin, cyclosporin, immunosupressant, chemical dimerizers, immunophilin, neuroprotection, emerging immunophilin, neurobiology, elucidation
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title: The Chemical Biology of Immunophilin Ligands
Volume: 18 Issue: 35
Author(s): S. Gaali, R. Gopalakrishnan, Y. Wang, C. Kozany and F. Hausch
Affiliation:
Keywords: FK506, rapamycin, cyclosporin, immunosupressant, chemical dimerizers, immunophilin, neuroprotection, emerging immunophilin, neurobiology, elucidation
Abstract: The immunophilin ligands cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin are best known for their immunosuppressive properties and their clinical use in transplantation medicine. These compounds or their analogs are also clinically used or investigated in various types of cancer, coronary angioplasty, dermatology, hepatitis C infections, and neuroprotection. Furthermore, the role of immunophilins in various pathologies is increasingly being recognized, supporting the preclinical drug development for novel immunophilin targets. Finally, immunophilin ligands are widely used as sophisticated tools in chemical biology. This review shows the progress on three major areas made in the last five years. An update of the immunosuppressive ligands and their clinical applications is discussed in the first part of the review, followed by a discussion about the emerging immunophilin targets and their respective ligands. The final section gives a detailed assessment of immunophilin ligand-based tools.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gaali S., Gopalakrishnan R., Wang Y., Kozany C. and Hausch F., The Chemical Biology of Immunophilin Ligands, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2011; 18 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798194342
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986711798194342 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Targeting NO/cGMP Signaling in the CNS for Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Low-Molecular Weight Heparins in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: Current Concepts, Problems, and Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design Walking the Oxidative Stress Tightrope: A Perspective from the Naked Mole-Rat, the Longest-Living Rodent
Current Pharmaceutical Design Interactions Between Plasma Proteins and Naturally Occurring Polyphenols
Current Drug Metabolism Pharmacologic Targeting of Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Updated Role of Nitric Oxide in Disorders of Erythrocyte Function
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Current Research on Opioid Receptor Function
Current Drug Targets Minocycline Inhibits mTOR Signaling Activation and Alleviates Behavioral Deficits in the Wistar Rats with Acute Ischemia stroke
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Natural Products Towards the Discovery of Potential Future Antithrombotic Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design Coronary Atherosclerosis The Implications of Being a Woman
Current Hypertension Reviews Update on the Pathophysiological Role of Intracellular Signaling Pathways in Atherosclerotic Plaques and Ischemic Myocardium
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy: What we have Learned in the Last 25 Years? (A Comparative Literature Review)
Current Cardiology Reviews Nanofibers Based Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Approaches for Myocardial Regeneration
Current Pharmaceutical Design Determinants of Human Coronary Collaterals
Current Cardiology Reviews Flaxseed and Endotoxic Shock
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hydrogen Sulfide in Inflammation: Friend or Foe?
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Resveratrol: A Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Estrogen Deprivation and Myocardial Infarction: Role of Aerobic Exercise Training, Inflammation and Metabolomics
Current Cardiology Reviews Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Older Male Subjective Memory Complainers: Double-Blind Randomized Crossover Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Physiological Assessment and Safety
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Effects of PPARγ Ligands on Vascular Tone
Current Molecular Pharmacology